Story 24. The relationship between the Kiyan party that entered Arkana Kun and the “Golden Jar”, the founder of the Kongrat tribe

 

Story 24. The relationship between the Kiyan party that entered Arkana Kun and the “Golden Jar”, the founder of the Kongrat tribe

Episode 1. What is the “Golden Jar” recorded by the descendants of Genghis Khan?

According to <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>and <Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, as a result of the great war between the Tatar and Mogol (Mongol) tribes, the Mogol (Malgal) army was completely destroyed, and among them, the two legendary ancestors of Genghis Khan, Kiyan and Nekuz, who barely survived, fled to Arkana Kun, the Yalu(Amnok) River Ne Gun of Balhae.

Many years later, their descendants multiplied through marriage, and many tribes were created. Also, according to <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, they were not originally part of the Mogol (Malgal) tribe, but through marriages and other means, the “Uryangkat (Orangkai, Orangke, Ollyanghap (兀良合)” tribe also joined as a tribe of this Mogol tribe.

Among them, there was a tribe that escaped from the “Yalu (Abnok) River County” without consulting with other Mogol tribes one day. That tribe was the “Konggrat tribe.” They were said to be a tribe of Mogol (Malgal), but who exactly was they and what was their relationship with the ancestors of Genghis Khan?

After that, as time passed, at some point, all the Mogol tribes escaped from the Arkan Kun. Among those who escaped from the Arkan Kun twice, someone became the ancestor of the Mogol (Mongol) and Genghis Khan.

So then, who exactly was the “Konggrat tribe” that escaped from the Arkan Kun before other tribes? One day, without consulting with other Mogol tribes, the founder of the Konggrat tribe, “Golden Jar,” who escaped from Argana Kun (Yalu=Amnok River Na Gun=county), had three sons, and their descendants were divided into three tribes. They were all called the “Konggrat tribe,” but each tribe founded by each of the three brothers had a separate name. One of them became the “Korras tribe” of Genghis Khan, another became the “Konggrat tribe” of “Burte Ujin”, Genghis Khan’s wife, and the last one became the “Yekiras (Ikiras) tribe,” the royal tribe of the Jin Dynasty that Genghis Khan himself destroyed.

Daeyabal (大野勃), the younger brother of Balhae King Taejo (太祖 founder) Dae Joyeong and the founder of the second royal lineage of Balhae, had two sons, Won-gi (元機) and Il-ha (壹夏). This was the legendary “Il Han” mentioned in the <Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> and others. During the time of his cousin, the second king of Balhae, Daemuye, a “great war between the Tatar and Mogol (Malgal) tribes” broke out, which was a war between Balhae and the four-nation allied forces of the Tang Dynasty. In this war, the Mogol tribe was defeated, and all Mogol people were annihilated, with only two of Genghis Khan’s “legendary” ancestors, “Kiyan (澗)” and “Nekuz (Nimgeum)” surviving. They escaped from the battlefield with their newlywed wives and several family members and fled to “Arkhana Kun”, the hometwon of all Turkic (Tatar) and Mongol tribes, and the legendary deep valley “Amnokgang Ne County Mountain” in the Amnokgang Ne County of Balhae’s western capital. At some point in time, among their descendants, the “Konggrat (Great Goguryeo = Goguryeo) tribe” broke out of the “Yalu(Amnok) River Army” ahead of the other Mogol (Malgal) tribes without consulting them. The legendary progenitor of this Konggrat tribe was the “Golden Jarring” (Bastu-I jarring) mentioned in the <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>. In <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, Rashid only recorded the name of the person “Golden Jarring”, the progenitor of Konggrat, and did not write at all about which country his ancestors were from. Because of this, no Mongolian history scholar, professor, or expert in the world has known who the “Golden Jarring”, the progenitor of the Konggrat tribe, was in history, or who he really was.

The author, Dr. Jeon Won-cheol, traced the “Golden Jarring” through Korean history, and surprisingly, he was none other than “Pyeongjuseung Geumhaeng (今幸)” mentioned in the <Goryeo History>. His other name was also written in different Chinese characters as “Geumhaeng (金幸).” Meanwhile, according to the “Golden Book” of the Kongrat tribe, <Garden of Fortune>, the “golden jar” was the legendary Genghis Khan and the founder of the Mogol (Mongol) tribe, “Kiyan” and “Nekuz”, specifically “Kiyan’s grandson”, as recorded in <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>.

With this, Dr. Jeon has revealed for the first time in the world’s academic circles studying Genghis Khan, Mongolian and Tatar academic circles, and academic circles studying medieval Central Asia and Northeast Asia that the “Golden Jar” of <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> is “Our country’s Pyeongjuseung Geumhaeng (今幸),” or “Geumhaeng (金幸).” Of course, this is the first time in history that the relationship between “Kiyan” and the founder of all three tribes of the Kongrat tribe, “Golden Jar,” has been confirmed.  Geumhaeng was the younger brother of Balhae Dae Jo-yeong, and the grandson of Dae Ya-bal, the second king of the world, and the grandson of Ki-yan. In <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, the character with a mysterious and enigmatic name was said to be the ancestor of Genghis Khan and his wife “Burte Ujin”. According to the genealogy (shajarat), the identity of the golden jar was the fourth-generation grandson of Dae Ya-bal, the second king of the Balhae royal family. He was also the father of the three brothers of Hambo (函普), the first ancestor of the gold in <Geum History>, the history book of Daegeum (大金). Let’s connect this genealogy with “the great expedition in which the Konggrat tribe leaped out from Arcana Kun” in <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>. Then, the father of the three brothers of the Golden History of the Golden Emperor, the Golden Jar, “Balhae Pyeongju Seung Geumhaeng,” lived in “Pyeongju (平州)” in the southern part of Hwanghae-do today. However, this region was not the “Arcana Kun” mentioned in the <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> and <Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, that is, the “Amnokgang Negun” of Pyeonganbuk-do and Hamgyeongbuk-do.

This means that during the time of the Golden Jar, his ethnic group, the Konggrat, had already left “Arcana Kun”, that is, the “Amnokgang Negun”, and had moved to another region called “Pyeongju (平州, today’s Pyeongsan)” in the southern part of Hwanghae-do. If we consider the time when the “Golden Jar” Geumhaeng and his party left “Amnokgang Negun”, it was the time of the 10th king of Balhae, Seonwang (宣王) Daeinsu (大仁秀). The first royal lineage of Balhae, which was continued by the sons and grandsons of the lineage of Dae Jo-yeong, the founder of Balhae, was cut off with the 9th king, Gan King (簡王) Myeongchung (明忠), and Dae In-su (大仁秀), known as the great-grandson or great-grandson of the lineage of Yabal, the younger brother of Dae Jo Yeong, ascended to the throne as the 10th king of Balhae, Seonwang (宣王). Two generations before that king, Dae In-su (大仁秀), became king, during the time of his great-great-grandfathers Kiyan and Nekuz, the “Great War between the Tatars and the Mogol Tribes,” that is, the Balhae-Tang War, resulted in a great defeat for the Malgal (Mogol) and Balhae. As a result, Balhae lost not only its northern territories such as the Heuksu Malgal, but also all of the commanderies south of Balhae in Hwanghae-do and Pyeongan-do north of the Han River to Silla. The new king of Yabal’s lineage, Seonwang Daeinsu, prayed to recover the real territory of Balhae. In order to accomplish this great undertaking, he ordered the Golden Jar’s family, the progenitor of the Konggrat tribe, to wage a war to recover the real territory against the southern country of Silla. Then, the Golden Jar “Geumhaeng (金行)”, a descendant of the same Yabal family and close cousin of the king, responded positively.

At this time, the “Konggrat tribe (Big Goguryeo = Goguryeo family)” of the Golden Jar, despite the other Mogol (Malgal) tribes’ warnings not to go, trampled the fields of other tribes (families), that is, the blacksmith lands where iron was melted to make farming tools and weapons, and rushed out to the “Yalu (Amnok) River   County”. Then, he waged a great battle to recover the southern Balhae counties that had been lost during the “Balhae-Tang, Silla War” that took place during the time of his grandfather Kiyan (澗) and great-grandfather Ilha (壹夏). This was the story of the “Kun Great Escape” of the Konggrat tribe in <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>. Afterwards, the Golden Jar party finally won the battle against Silla. Although this fact was not properly recorded in the historical records, the result was written a little in the Eastern History and our historical records. As a result, the Golden Jar party recovered the Balhae territory up to “Pyeongju,” that is, south of Pyeongsan (平山) in Hwanghae-namdo today, and up to a point near Gaeseong in Gyeonggi-do and north of the Han River. And as a reward for this achievement, the Golden Jar Geumhaeng settled in “Pyeongju” at the time, which is Pyeongsan in Hwanghae-do today, and lived as a king (王) as the County King (郡王) as <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> says.

The main text of <Goryeo History> records him as “Our country’s Pyeongjuseung (僧) Geumhaeng (今行),” which means “a monk (僧) was a highly respected person at the time.” However, in <Goryeo Royal Genograma (高麗世系)>, which is the preface to <Goryeo History>, his real name is recorded as “Seohaeng Yongwang=Western Sea Dragon King (西海龍王) Du Eunjeom Gakgan (豆銀岾角干).” “Seohae Yongwang=Western Sea Dragon King” refers to “Balhae-Goryeo King.” This is because “Western Sea-” is “Balhae-” and “-Yongwang” is “-Gorei (Serpent) King,” which means that he is “Balhae-Goryeo (Goguryeo=Balhae) King.” This “Seohae Yongwang=Western Sea Dragon King” is a truly surprising and important “lost link of history.” This is because, surprisingly, he is none other than Goryeo Taejo Wang Geon (王建) in <Goryeo Royal Genograma>. He was the maternal grandfather. He was also the father of Hambo, the founder of the Great Jin Kingdom, who was the 7th ancestor of the Jin Founder “Wanyan Aguda (完顔阿骨打)”. Furthermore, he was the father of Bo Hwal-li (保活里), the 4th great-grandfather of “Alan Gowa”, the 10th female ancestor of Genghis Khan. At the same time, he was the grandfather of “Kong-grat (Goguryeo-ssi)”, the son of <Golden Family> A-go-rae (阿古迺-내), who can be said to be the minor ancestor of the lineage of “Burte Ujin”, wife of Genghis Khan, that is, the “Kong-grat tribe”. Geum-haeng is the “Khan of the Golden (黃金)” (行 幸, kang, khan)”, the “golden jar” that <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>speaks of.