Story 39. When Balhae fell to the Khitans, “Cho Bok” (阻卜) from Oruha (奧婁河), or “Kaljiday Khan”, went to Mongolia
Story
39. When Balhae fell to the Khitans, “Cho Bok” (阻卜) from Oruha (奧婁河), or “Kaljiday Khan”, went
to Mongolia
After
the death of “Kachigei (阿次貴, Achagui)”, a Cheongju
person (Bukcheong person in Hamgyeong Province) who had rebelled, “Kajitai (阿志泰, Ajitae) = Kaljiday Khan
(,kaljiday khan)” and his party left Wang Geon’s Goryeo in the same year, 918. Then
they fled to Balhae and went to “Kura (兀剌, Olal)”, or
“Kula (Qila) River” in front of “Dongmo-sanseong(Mt. Fortress)” where the
ancestors’ will was,and built a new foundation for their lives. They said that
misfortune comes in many cases?
Less
than eight years after his party moved, to make matters worse (雪上加霜), Balhae was destroyed by the invasion of the Khitans. So what
happened to them then?
<The
Garden of Fortune> only tells the story of “Kaljiday Khan” living on the
“Kula River,” but does not mention the land where he and his party later lived.
However, according to <Yosa,Yo History>, 13 years after Balhae’s fall, in
939, “Kori Day (阿離底아이저,
i.e. Goryeo clan, Kle clan)” came to offer tribute to the Liao court. He
appears to be “Kaljiday Khan.” If so, the family of "Kaljiday Khan"
This
time, it is said that they entered Buryatia and "Mongolia", that is,
"Supul (阻卜, Jobok)" from the Kula River. His
son "Kadan Khan", that is, "Kordyan Khan", is also recorded
in the <Yosa,Yo History>.
His
son "Kawchin", along with his other second son Kurleut, is recorded
in the <Ginsa,Jin History> as "Hapju (合住, 'Kawchu' in the old sound)", and lived in the old Balhae land
of Galso-gwan. Some other generations, including Kawchin's other eldest son
"Suntai Timur", lived again in Supul Country(阻卜國, Jobok Country). The descendants of Khaljidai, who were more than
four generations old, including “Aganai”, the son of Suntai Timur, “Zagan
Khan”, the latter’s son, “Zagan Khan”, and “Kabul Khan”, the daughter of Zagan
Khan, who married Genghis Khan’s great-grandfather,
“Aruja Khatun”, her brother “Mongke Khan”, are recorded in the
<Yosa,Yo History>. This is consistent with the description in the <New
History of Yuan> that they intermarried with the Mongol clan for
generations.
The
author say that detailed historical verification will be omitted in this book
and will be covered in another book. However, for reference, the genealogy and
the places they moved and lived were compared and verified in the records of
the <Yosa,Yo History> and <Jinsa,Jin History> and presented in a
simple chart.
The
Konggrat clan originally lived near Baekdu Mountain in the Joseon Peninsula
during the “Khaljidai Khan” era, but moved to Mongolia, or Jobok (阻卜). After that, some of them, the descendants of Saljidai Khan,
the younger brother of Khaljidai Khan, returned to the old Balhae land where
the “Yekiras” family, the family of the Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchen,
and the “Korras” family, the family of Alan Kowa, lived.
Among
the descendants of “Khaljidai Khan,” who was “the Khan of all Kongkrat tribes
during the Dobun Bayan period of Alan Kowa’s grandfather,” the “Kurleut” tribe
and the “Burkut (=Barkat Balhae clan)”, the descendants of Saljidai Khan, the
younger brother of Khaljidai Khan, are them.
Konggrat
(Balhae land) →
Saljidai Khan (Khaljidai Khan’s younger brother, Goryeo-Jurchen land) → Burkay Khan → Old Balhae land, Jurchen land
→ Uranji Khan → Keskun Khan→ Timazi Khan → Karaul Khan
When
Konggrat’s first ancestor “Kagorai (阿古迺)/Kogorai/Churluk”
asked his two younger brothers, Jinsijo Hambo (函普) and
Bohwali (保活里), to leave for Wanyanbu and Yara together,
we can see that his words, “Later, there will definitely be some among my sons
and descendants. I will not go,” came true.
We
have roughly looked into the genealogy of these Konggrat Khans and their
residences and places of activity. “Dey Sechen”, the son of Khaljidai Khan, and
“Targa Amal (忒里虎, Special Tiger)”, who was the older
brother of Genghis Khan’s wife, Burte Ujin, and who also appears in the
<Golden Garden of Fortune>, <Yosa,Yo History>, and <Jinsa,Jin
History>, were active in present-day southern (inner) Mongolia and
southeastern Mongolia, according to the records.
<Yosa,Yo
History> also shows that the Kongrat lineage was the leader of the
confederation of “Supul Country (阻卜國, JobokCountry).”
Among the descendants of Khaljidai Khan, the Kurleut faction returned to Balhae
and continued for several generations. However, after about 5 generations and
150 years, around the 1030s, King Seongjong of Liao mobilized the 12 Josin
Daewangbu (女眞大王府) and launched several wars of
aggression against Goryeo. After that, the tyranny of the Liao dynasty
worsened, and in 1107, General Yun Gwan of Goryeo went into an all-out war with
the Jurchen for two years and established the Six Garrisons and the Nine Fortresses.
It seemed that during some time between these crises, some of the descendants
of Khaljida Khan migrated to present-day Mongolia and then returned to their
homeland.
The
important fact is that, unlike the “Kaljidat Khan” lineage, the “Burkut Tribe”
of his younger brother “Saljida Khan” and his sons and grandsons, the “Balhae
Tribe”, although now under the rule of the Liao dynasty, still remained in the
old Balhae land, the land of their ancestors.
This
story can be found in the history of the Kongrat tribe, which was the “Yekires
tribe”, a clan tribe that founded the Jin Dynasty, and participated in the
process of unifying the Chosin tribe and establishing the Jin Dynasty.
So
far, we have seen the history of the two families of “Barga Baatar Taisang
Noyon (Balhae Makhadol Daesang Rang)” and “Khaljidai (Ajitae) Khan” who worked
in the palace of Gung Ye, and then fled to Balhae after being defeated by Wang
Geon’s palace revolution, and then moved to Mongolia.
Before
the third son of Khan (King Gung Ye) Burte Chino, as described in the “Buryat
legends” and Tibetan-Mongol historians, “became the first Noyon of Mongolia,” the
original home of his group was Gung Ye’s country.
They
left Cheorwon, Buru (夫如, Buyeo), and Bura (斧壤, Buyang, today's Pyeonggang) as mentioned in the <Goryeosa,Goryeo
History> and <Samguksagi,Three Kindom History>, and went to somewhere
else via Deungju (登州, Anbyon, Hamnam). Among the two,
Barga Baatar went to Bargojin Tokum (Balhae Garrison Dae Gun), and then to the
"Byeolhaejin" (別海鎭) of the Amnok River in the
western part of Balhae, and Kaljidai Khan went to live along the "Kula
River", or "Kora River" (兀剌江, Olal
River).
Because
of this, “Barga Baatar (Misar Uluk)” moved “Burte Chino” and his wife to
Molyeonbu (沒撚部, Misarbu) and Byeolhaejin (別海鎭, Bargojin) and lived there for a while. Around this time, following
Wang Geon's revolution in 918, great wars broke out in East Asia in the south
and north. Just after 918, Wang Geon of Goryeo started the "Later Three
Kingdoms Unification War" and the war to develop north of Pyongyang, and
soon after, in 926, the Khitan invaded Balhae.
In
the aftermath of this, shortly after, Barga Baatar, taking Burte Chino with
him, finally escaped Balhae's "Amnok River Army" and eventually
headed to the place that the Buryat legends say is temporary. He left for
Buryatia and Mongolia.
Blogger In Google. Northern-Eastern Aisia in latter half 10th century
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