Story 40. The Northwestward Migration of Barga Baatra and Burte Chino to South (Inner) Mongolia and Buryatia
Story 40. The Northwestward Migration of Barga Baatra and Burte Chino to South (Inner) Mongolia and Buryatia
The
Buryat scholar Zhoriktuyev and others believe that the first place where “Burte
Chino” escaped was “Ergene Kun,” and regarding the location, he believed that
it was the “Argun River” basin, which is the border between today’s Russia,
China’s South Mongolia, and the Mongolian Republic. Of course, this view is
clearly wrong. That “Arkhana Kun” is “Yalu(Amnog) River Ne Gun.”
However,
the “Arkhana Kun” that several Western historical books such as <Jipsa 집사Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia >
and <Saguksa,사국사Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries > say that several Mogolian tribes and
“Burte Chino” escaped from was the very land from which “Burte Chino, son of
Gung Ye” escaped. This was clearly the “Amnokgang Ne Gun” where “Kiyan” and
“Nekuz” barely escaped alive in the “Great War between Tatar and Mogol”, but
the fact that Burte Chino escaped from the “Amnokgang Ne Gun” was the era of
“Golden Jar, Geumhaeng, Altun Khan” who fought a territorial war to recover the
land that Balhae had lost to Silla, and the fact that the descendants who
participated in Gung Ye’s regime and were defeated by Wang Geon’s palace
revolution fled to the “Amnokgang Ne Gun” and escaped from the “Amnokgang Ne Gun,
or Arkan Kun” which was their home due to the rise of the Khitans and the
weakening of Balhae was an event that occurred three generations later.
The
original starting point from which “Burte Chino” escaped was the land of Gung
Ye’s kingdom, such as “Cheorwon (鐵原) in Gangwon-do,
Buru (夫如, Buyeo) walled town, and Bura (斧壤, Buyang) walled town.” This land was the first starting point of the
“Arcana Kun escape” mentioned in Western history books such as <Genealogy of
the Turks>. Therefore, “Cheorwon (鐵原) in Gangwon-do,
Buru (夫如, Buyeo) walled town, and Bura (斧壤, Buyang) walled town” are the original “Arcana Kun.” In other words, it
can be metaphorically called the second “Erkene Kun (Arcana Kun)” after
“Yalukgang(Amnog River) Ne County.”
After their defeat in the battle with Wang Geon, they first left Bura (斧壤, Buyang) walled village and went to the original “Kiyan” era “Arkana Kun”, or “Yalu(Amnog) River Negun.” After that, the leader of the Burte Chino and Korras tribe, Barga Baatar (Misar Uluk), as <집사Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> said, joined forces with the Mogol (Malgal) tribe and the Uryangkat tribe led by the descendants of Dorihaeng, melted the iron mountain and escaped from there. <집사Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia > said that the cause of the second “Arkana Kun Great Escape” was “because the Kiyan and Nekuz tribes grew in number, and the land became narrow.”
However,
there was another reason why they attempted this “Great Escape.” Burte Chino
and the leader of the Korras tribe, Varga Baatar=Misar Ulug, and the Kaljidai
party fled to their distant ancestral hometown, and returned there. At that
time, Wang Geon (王建) of Goryeo, who had made
them flee north, was attempting to develop territory northward. Wang Geon was
clearly aware that he was a “lineage of the Goguryeo royal family” and was a
politician with a sense of legitimacy that he had established Goryeo, which
succeeded Goguryeo. For this reason, he tried to recover the Yalu (Amnog) River
County region of Goguryeo, which was Balhae territory at the time, but was
originally lost, to Goryeo territory.
It
was this policy of Wang Geon that caused Varga Baatar and his party to flee
northward. As if things were not bad enough, at the same time, “Yelu Abogi”
arose in northwest Manchuria and began to conquer numerous tribes in the
surrounding area. He is known today as “Yelul Abogi,” but this name means “Solo
Kebagai (耶律阿保機)” in the Khitan language of the
time, and “Joseon Kegai (朝鮮 大加).” With that name, he
invaded Balhae, which he declared to be an enemy with whom he could not share
the same sky, and finally destroyed it in 926.
In
936, ten years after Balhae fell to the Khitan, great upheaval continued in the
south. Wang Geon’s Goryeo led the advance party of cavalry from tribes such as
Cheolleok (鐵勒) who lived far to the north, and began
the final offensive against Silla and Later Baekje. “At
that time, several people, including the prime minister Yu Geum-pil, Won Yoon
Gwan-mo, and Gwan-heon, led 9,500 soldiers on horseback who were able to run
easily on several occasions, such as Heuk-su (黑水),
Dal-go (達姑), and Cheol-leuk (鐵勒).”
If
you look at the <Seongho Sa-seol (星湖僿說) Volume 11,
Insa-mun (人事門)> about the “Cheo-leuk (鐵勒) people who participated in this war of Goryeo, They were
“descendants of the Huns who became the Hui-heul (回紇)
and Heuk-ryeon (赫連), and their separate divisions
became the Gok-turks (突厥) and Cheol-leuk (鐵勒). The Turkic tribe became Shata, and the Tielek tribe became
Xueyanta.” This tribe is recorded as such.
For
this reason, they are also known as the “Turkic tribe of the Dolgol (突厥).” If we look into their areas of activity, we find that they are
located in the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea. This tribe is often talked about
as the Tielek people in Central Asia participated in Wang Geon’s battles, which
is exaggerated.
However,
the important fact is that in the 19th year of King Taejo of Goryeo, when Wang
Geon attacked Silla and Baekje, they joined his side. Let’s take a look at the
tribe recorded as “Hwan-eo-ra (驩於羅).” “Hwan-eo-ra (驩於羅)” is the old sound of “Hwan
(驩)” which is similar to “big” and the old sound of “eo
(於)” is “go”, so This is exactly like the ethnic name
“Yekirasu (役拏氏)” or “Kor-ra-ru (合蘭路氏, 합란로씨=高麗羅氏고려나씨)”, It
is “Kong-geora (驩於羅)-te=Kong-geura-te”. The old sound
of “於, eo” which is pronounced as “於, eo” today is according to <Songbon Gwangwoon (宋本廣韻)>, which is the sound “gio”, close to “gyeo” or “geo”.
They
participated in Wang Geon's war of unification together with the
"Cheol-lek (鐵勒) several tribes (諸蕃)" who lived in the Mongolian region today. The "Cheol-lek
(鐵勒) several tribes (諸蕃)"
were a tribe that lived across the borders of Central Asia and East Asia, from
southern Mongolia and Mongolia to Kazakhstan, and even up to northern
Manchuria. An interesting fact is that in Kazakhstan today, there are many
people living, including the "Konggrat tribe", the Mergit (Malgal,
descendants of the Daein line), Shimr (Simmal, Sokmal), Kerait (a branch of the
Yekires), Wak (Ongud tribe), the Jal-la-ir (耶懶Yara
tribe), and the Tareh (Darga, Dae clan), who were the direct villagers of
Genghis Khan.
Where
were the ancient homelands of the Kongrat, Argon, Jalair, Kerait, Naiman,
Korras, Mergit, Shimr, and Tere tribes living in Kazakhstan today? They, like
the Mongols, are Korean fraternal people who have left us. Yabogi of Khitan
destroyed Balhae in 926, and Wang Geon of Goryeo, who seized power in 918,
pursued a northward advance policy to occupy Pyongyang walled fortress city and the area north of
it, and at the same time waged a war to unify the Later Three Kingdoms(Goryeo, Silla and Baekjei) in korea peninsula. Because
of this, Barga Baatar and Burte Chino's party were threatened from both the
west and the south. To escape this crisis, they decided to cross the famous
mysterious place name "Tenggis" that appears in the beginning of the
<Secret History of the Mongols>.
The
place name they crossed over is generally interpreted by Mongolian scholars and
Mongolian secret history scholars as “Tengis Sea” because it is similar to the
Turkic word “Denis” or “Dengis” meaning “sea”. However, this place name is a
completely different land name, and the old Chinese character sound of the
original word “Jinguk (震國)” was a phonetic variation
of “Tinguet (Tinguet)”. That is, it was the first name of “Balhae (渤海) Kingdom”. In the end, Barga Baatar and his party crossed over from Gung
Ye’s Later Goguryeo to “Jinguk (震國)”, or “Balhae (渤海)”.
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