Story 49. From Genghis Khan's Kori-Tumad/Khoras Tribe to Alan Gowa

 

Story 49. From Genghis Khan's Kori-Tumad/Khoras Tribe to Alan Gowa

         Wikipedia / Google

The "Khoras Tribe" that the <집사Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia > speaks of is the "Kori-Tumad Tribe" of the <Secret History of the Mongols>, which refers to the 11 brothers and their only sister of the village of the son of Koridoi that the <History of the Selenge Mongol-Buryads> speaks of, and among them, the only sister, "Alan Gowa", is the 10th ancestor of Chinggis Khan.

The reason they are called the Khoras Tribe is that the progenitor, Alan Gowa's father Kori Mergen, entered "Korara=Hapran-ro (合蘭路)" in Hamheung, South Hamgyong Province at the time, and so they came to be called "Korara=Hapran-ro (合蘭路)-s (氏)", or "Khoras Tribe", as explained in the previous part. This land is Yara (耶懶), where the great-grandfather of Cory Mergen, <Geumsa,Jin Dynasty History>, Bohwali, entered, and also the hometown of the “Qowm-I Jalair” that <집사Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> speaks of.

The land where Alan Gowa and her 11 brothers and their father’s clan village, the “Korlas tribe”, originally lived was Hamheung, but as they later moved their place of living, the place names with their tribe’s name gradually moved. Among them, there is one area where the tribe’s name still remains today. It is “Gorlasbu (郭尔罗斯部)” written in slightly different Chinese characters today. It is called ‘Gorlos’ in Mongolian script, ‘Gorlos’ in Mongolian-Cyrillic script, and ‘gorlos’ in English. Today, in Southern Mongolia (Inner Mongolia), Jilin Gol (Jilin Province), and Heilongjiang Gol (Heilongjiang Province), which were the former lands of Goguryeo and Balhae, there remain “Gorlasbu (郭爾羅斯部)”, or “郭尔罗斯部” in simplified Chinese characters.

Among these, the closest to Korea today is “Former Gorlas Mongolian Autonomous County (前郭尔罗斯蒙古族自治县)” located in Songwon (松原) City, Jilin Province. It is noteworthy that “Songwon (松原)” is a modern place name that is interpreted as “Sol-ra (松-原, i.e. Joseon)” in the Goguryeo-Silla language. Many of the Korlas people moved to that place, which is full of historical heritage, and still live there today.

Here is a summary of the story from the ancestors of Genghis Khan to Alan Gowa.

『Daeyabal, the founder of the second royal family of Balhae, had two sons, Wonki and Ilha. Of the two, Ilha is the legendary “Il Han” mentioned in the <Saguksa 사국사Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>. During the time of Daemuye, the second king of Balhae, the “Great War between the Tatar Tribe (Daedaero Family) and the Mogol Tribe (Malgal Family)” occurred. This was the ancient version of the Great East Asian War between Balhae and the allied forces of the four Tang states. The Mogol Army (Malgal Army) was initially victorious, but at some point, they were swayed by the plot of Suyunji (Gaeboksun), the 8th Khan of the Tatar (Daedaero) family, and were completely defeated and annihilated.

Among the Mogol people, only “Kiyan (澗)” and Nikuz (Nimgeum) survived, and they escaped the battlefield with their newlywed wives and several of their relatives, and fled to the legendary homeland of all Turkic and Mongolian tribes, “Arkhana Kun,” or “Yalu (Amnok) River Negun,” the western capital of Balhae.

Many years later, during the time of Kiyan’s grandson, the legendary “Golden Jar of the Konggrat Tribe (Great Goguryeo/Goguryeo Family),” or “Monk of Pyeongju in our country” in the <History of Goryeo>,” Geum Haeng and his party fled from Arkhana Kun without consulting with other tribes (Malgal families).

The time they fled was during the time of the 10th king of Balhae, Seonwang Daeinsu (大仁秀). Daeinsu attempted to recover the northern territories, including the Heuksu Malgal, which had been lost in the Balhae-Tang War two generations earlier, and at the same time to recover the southern region of Balhae in Hwanghae-do north of the Han River. Then the Golden Jar responded positively. He trampled the fields of other tribes, prepared for battle, and went out. Then, the Golden Jar and his party won the battle against Silla and regained the land that their ancestors had lost, Paeseo County, which was home to several states in the south of Balhae.

Thanks to this, his party settled in Pyeongsan, Hwanghae-do today. He was Geumhaeng (金幸). He had three sons. After they settled in Pyeongsan, about a generation and a half later, the eldest of the three sons, Kagorai (Agorae = Goguryeo), remained in his hometown, while his younger brother Hambo (Kubai Sire, Keunbo) and youngest brother Bohwali (Tusbuda, Daesibuchang) went to Wan’anbu Bokgansu (Gilju) and Yara (Hamheung), respectively. That land became the Balhae Ban’an County, which was called “Yeojin-Wan’anbu” 7 generations later, 210 years later.

Later historians also misunderstood the identity of these three brothers and did not understand why they went there. However, the reason they went there was clear. In Banan-gun, the territory of their fourth-generation ancestor Yabal, later known as Wan-an-bu, the villagers were divided into two tribes and fighting over the succession of the local rulers along with the struggle for the throne in the central government. In addition, in their hometown of Pyeongju, there was interference and rioting from the southern country of Silla. For this reason, among the three sons of Geumhaeng, the eldest brother Kagorai (Agorae) decided to stay in Pyeongju to prevent the invasion of Silla, while the two younger brothers Hambo and Bohwali went to Banan-gun, today's Gilju, and Yara, today's Hamheung, to settle the internal strife in the region and take over the ruling authority of the region.

As time passed, these three brothers had sons and descendants, and the tribe of the eldest brother, Kagorai (Agorae), became the Konggrat tribe, and the tribe of the second son, Hambo, the founder of the Jin dynasty, “Kororai (胡來, Horae)”, also known as “Koro (烏魯, Oro)”, otherwise known as “Goryeo”, became the Yekires tribe (役拏氏, Yeokla clan). This tribe was also known as “Hambo-ut (Kenbeut-<집사Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia >)”, and later founded the Jin dynasty.

The tribe of Korras (合蘭路氏, Goryeo Na clan), the third-generation descendant of Bo Hwal-ri, the younger brother of that founder of the Jin dynasty, became the Korras tribe of Alan Gowa, the 10th-generation ancestor of Genghis Khan. Balhae Makhadol Daesangrang (Barga Baatar Taisang Noyon), born as the grandson of Geumhaeng's youngest son Bohwal-ri, came down from Yara (Hamheung) to Deungju (Anbyon) and Cheorwon in the south to participate in Gung Ye's regime. Also, Kaljidai (Ajitae, Cleisi), the grandson of Kagorai (Agorae) of the Konggrat tribe, who was his older brother, joined them and became a powerful official. Gung Ye was a relative of these people through his maternal side who shared the blood of the Goguryeo royal family, and he joined them because Gung Ye had rebelled in Silla and was trying to establish Later Goguryeo.

However, as time passed, Gung Ye believed in the wrong path and his personality became vicious. He even killed his wife, Lady Kang, and his two sons, Cheonggwang and Singwang. Then, Wang Geon, who was Lady Kang's maternal relative, launched a palace revolution with his confidants and took over the throne. In the midst of this, Gung Ye was brutally killed by the people in Bura (Buyang).

When the Balhae Makhadol Daesang Rang side was defeated in this palace revolution, he took with him “Khan (Gung Ye)’s third son [second] Burte Chino” and “Guri Khan (銅光)”, i.e. Goryeo Khan” as mentioned in the <Yellow Paper on the Roots of the Early Mongol Khans> and hurriedly left Goryeo, which had now become Wang Geon’s country, and hid in Balhae. Kaljidai (Ajitae) also fled to Balhae at this time and lived in Oruha (Kora River, Kola River) in Dongmosan. This is the time that <Garden of Fortune> refers to as “the era of Alan Kowa’s grandfather∙∙∙.”

However, Balhae was soon invaded by the Khitans and unfortunately fell. Then, “Balhae Makhadol Daesang Rang” moved to a region that the three Buryat tribes believe is today’s Bargojin Tokum. And then he had two sons with the Asuihan shaman, the eldest son Boryaadai (Buryas, or Buyeo) became the progenitor of the two Buryat tribes, and the younger son Kori Mergen is the “Kori-Tumad (Goryeo-Duman/Jumong)” tribe. Ultimately, during the era of their “11th ancestor” living in Buryatia, Russia today, their only sister Alan Gowa became the 10th great-grandmother of Temujin (Great Musin).』

Her 10th great-grandson is Genghis Khan (Jinguk Khan). As seen above, the lineage and tribe of Genghis Khan were people who crossed over from this land today. They are the descendants of the Goguryeo royal family and the founder of the world, Yabal, the second king of Balhae..