Story 50. Verification of the records of Alan Gowa, the 10th great-grandfather of Genghis Khan, and the meaning of his name
Story 50. Verification of the records
of Alan Gowa, the 10th great-grandfather of Genghis Khan, and the meaning of
his name
The
10 generations from Alan Gowa, the 10th great-grandfather of Genghis Khan, to
Genghis Khan were the history of about 200 years that they lived silently.
Therefore, in order to find and learn about the history of the unknown figures
of this genealogy for these 200 years, we can find and verify the figures in
Genghis Khan's genealogy by examining the dynasties of the Liao and Jin
dynasties that existed and recorded history at the same time as them.
Alan
Gowa's father, Kori Mergen, was born in Gung Ye's Later Goguryeo just before
Balhae fell. This is because Buryat traditions tell us that when his father,
Alan Gowa's grandfather, Barga Baatar, left the land to escape the war in
Karabada (Kara Sea), he took his three sons with him. Alan Gowa's father, Kori
Mergen, would have been still young at that time. Meanwhile, Alan Gowa herself
was a woman born and active in the early Liao Dynasty, around 950-970, within a
generation of about 30 years after Balhae fell to the Liao Dynasty in 926.
No
scholar in the world has been able to verify the era in which Genghis Khan's
ancestors lived or confirm where they lived. However, many scholars have tried
to explain the meaning of the names and the places where they lived in relation
to Genghis Khan and his ancestors in their own way, but they have presented
somewhat absurd and nonsensical statements. They have failed to trace the
historical relationships of Genghis Khan's ancestors in the eras in which the
Mongolian ancestors lived, such as Balhae, Liao, Jin, and Goryeo.
Unlike
them, Dr. Kwon, the author of <Goguryeo-Balhae-Genghis Khan>, follows the
genealogy of <Secret History of the Mongols> and proceeds with a
discussion focusing on the following five topics that world Mongolian history
scholars have never attempted in history. 1) Confirmation of their identities
through records in Chinese characters other than the <Secret History of the
Mongols>, 2) The meaning of their names, 3) The lands they lived in, 4) The
times they lived in, 5) And the relationships they had with the Jin Dynasty
imperial family, who had relationships with them and whose historical reality
and period of activity were well recorded, were explored with a focus on five
dimensions.
Episode 1. Alan Gowa was the
great-granddaughter of Hambo of the <Jinshi,Jin Dynasty History> and the
10th cousin of Shiloh, the son of Solgo (綏哥, Suga).
Here,
let's look at the kinship between the two tribes of the Korras tribe of the
Bohwalli lineage, the ancestors of Alan Gowa, and the Yekiras tribe of the
Hambo lineage, the second brother of Alan Gowa. First, Alan Gowa, the 10th
great-grandfather of Genghis Khan, was the great-grandson of Hambo, the progenitor
of the Jin Dynasty, and the 10th cousin of Solgo (綏哥, Suga), the son of Shiloh. Alan Gowa's father, the chieftain of
Kori-Buryat (Kori=Tumad), "Kori Mergen", was the same lineage as
Solgo (綏哥, Suga) in the lineage of Hambo → Korai (Oro)
→ Balhae (Barga) → Solgo (綏哥, Suga) in the lineage of
Hambo who entered Wan'anbu = Ban'an County, and they are 8th cousins. Because
if you look at the genealogy of “Kori Mergen” from Bohwalri → Kongliut → Misar
Uluk → Kori Mergen, Solgo (綏哥, Suga) and “Kori Mergen” were
in the same lineage in both genealogies. Since Kori Mergen married his 8th
cousin Solgo (綏哥) and his sister “Bargazan Gowa
(Bargujin Gowa, 跋海津 乞哥)”, his wife was also his 8th
cousin brother and sister.
[Geumhaeng (金幸)]
↙ ↘
[ Hambo ] 2nd cousin [ Bohwal-ri
]
[Oro (Goryeo) ] 4th
cousin [ Kongliut (Goguryeo) ]
[ Balhae (Bargo Barot)] 6th
cousin [ Barga Baatar ]
↙ ↘ ↓
[Suga
(Solgo)] [Bargojin Gowa (Yeo)] ←
8th cousin → [ Kori Mergen ]
↓ ↓
[
Shilo (Joseon)] [ Alan
Gowa ]
The
name of Kori Mergen's 8th cousin and brother-in-law, "Solgo (綏哥)", was a name meaning "Joseon" in Tungus-Manchurian,
the second dialect of Josin (Jurchen), and in medieval Mongolian Solgo
(Solgho), which later became the Mongolian word for "Joseon",
"Goryeo", and "Korea" This is the origin of the word
“Solonggos”.
“Bargajan
Gowa (跋海津 乞哥)”, the daughter of Barga (跋海) the father of Solgo (綏哥) and the sister of
Solgo (綏哥), married “Kori Mergen”, the 8th cousin of
“Balhae Makhadol (Barga Baatar)” of Korras, the 7th cousin of Solgo himself,
and gave birth to a daughter, Alan Gowa from “Arik Us (Arisu)”. Alan Gowa was
therefore the maternal niece of Solgo (綏哥), the
great-grandson of Hambo, the progenitor of the Jin Dynasty, and the
great-great-granddaughter (4th great-granddaughter) of Hambo, the founder of
the Jin clan. Therefore, Alan Gowa, the daughter of “Bargajan Gowa”, the sister
of Silo (實魯), the son of Solgo of <Geumsa, Jin
Dynasty History>, and the two were 10th cousins on the paternal line based
on their common ancestor, Geumhaeng, and at the same time, 4th cousins on the
maternal line and 4th cousins on the maternal line. “Bargajan Gowa” was
Silo’s maternal aunt.
Episode 2. Alan Gowa’s maternal uncle
Solgo (綏哥) and his clan lived in “Yurjin (조신)
Ongkanbu (完顔部, Wan’anbu)
Alan
Gowa and his father, Cory Mergen, were on their way to Borkan Kaldon to meet
Borkan Boscor Oryangkai Shinchi Bayan. How were Alan Gowa’s maternal uncle
Solgo (綏哥) living at that time? Solgo (綏哥) of the Yekires tribe, the elder brother of the Korras tribe, was
the third-generation (great-grandson) of the Jin ancestor Hambo, and at the
time lived in “Josin (Jurchen, Yeojin) Ongkhanbu (完顔部,
Wan’anbu).” Before Balhae fell to the Liao Dynasty, this land was called
“Balhae Ban’an-gun,” but now that Balhae had fallen, people called this place
name “Josin (Jurchen) Ongkhanbu (完顔部, Wan’anbu)”
instead of the administrative name of Balhae. According to the <Geumsa, Jin
Dynasty History>, Solgo (綏哥), the maternal uncle of
Alan Gowa, established the system of building houses by connecting pillars and
rafters (棟宇之制, Dongwoojije) in this “Jurchen-Wan’anbu.”
Episode 3. Why did Alan Goa and his
party go to Borkan Kaldon, or Bulham Galadon, when his maternal uncle Solgo was
living in “Ongkanbu (完顔部, Wan’anbu)”?
When
Alan Goa and his maternal uncle Solgo established the “Dongwoojije (棟宇之制)” and settled down in the land of “Josin (Jurchen) Ongkanbu (完顔部, Wan’anbu)”, his maternal nephew Alan Goa and his father Cory
Mergen and his party went to “Sinchi Bayan of Borkan Boskor Oryangkai, the
master of Kaldon, to ask for a hunting ground,” as stated in <the Secret
History of the Mongols>.
The reason why Kori Mergen and his daughter
Alan Goa and their party became the “Kori Clan”, or “Kori-Buryat tribe”, and
moved to find the Sinchibayan of Oryangkai is stated in Section 9 of <the
Secret History of the Mongols> as “because they fought among themselves to
prevent them from hunting.” In relation to this, some Buryat traditions tell
the story that among the three Buryat tribes descended from the brothers
Buryadai and Kori Mergen, the two Buryat tribes of Ehirid and Bulagat prevented
the Kori-Buryat tribe from hunting, so the Kori-Buryat tribe moved to another
place.
Therefore,
<the Secret History of the Mongols> can also be seen as an abbreviation
of this story. This was the story of the family of the older brother Boryadai
and the younger brother Kori Mergen fighting over the hunting grounds of their
father Varga Baatar. However, it is difficult to understand how such a thing
could happen between only two families of brothers who lived on a fairly large
piece of land.
Therefore,
the reason for the movement of Cory Mergen and Alan Goa should be sought in a
broader historical context. In this case, there is one possibility. It is the
expansion of the power of the Yekires tribe, or Ongkanbu (完顔部). The <Geumsa Segi, Jin Dynasty History Genealogy> reports
that “Shilo (實魯) of the Yekires tribe was busy
establishing a few simple teachings and governing the people” while “showing
off his martial arts in the east and the west.” Since Shilo (實魯) was the son of Solgo (綏哥), Alan Goa’s
maternal uncle, he was Alan Goa’s maternal cousin.
According to <Geumsa,Jin Dynasty History>,
Alan Gowa's cousin Shilo (實魯) at that time instantly
brought the land of "Gyarai", which is today Hamheung, Hamgyeong-do,
also known as "Kora Land (曷懶甸)", otherwise
known as "Korara (合蘭路)", under his rule. At
that time, Shilo's maternal uncle, Kori Mergen, and his daughter Alan Gowa and
their party were moving to "Borkan Kaldon (不咸 曷懶甸)",
which Shilo (實魯) of the Yekiras tribe had acquired, to
obtain hunting grounds. “Kori Mergen” who settled in Borkan Kaldon (不咸 曷懶甸, Bulham Galajeon) took “Korara (合蘭路)”,
another name for “Borkan Kaldon (不咸 曷懶甸)”, as his
hometown. Because of this, his descendant tribe came to be called “Korara (合蘭路) -si”, or “Korra-s” in the <Shisa>, or “Kori-si (Kori
Obokton)” in the <Secret History of the Mongols>.
From
this, it is certain that Alan Go and his party lived somewhere in the land of
Sukyeojin (熟女眞), which became part of the territory
of the Liao dynasty, especially between Galso-gwan (曷蘇館)
and “Byeolhaejin (別海津)” of Ganggye-bu (江界府), the hometown of his mother, “Barojin Gowa,” and then, suffering
from the frequent forced migration policy of the Liao dynasty at the time, they
entered Korara (合蘭路) in Hamheung, which was controlled
by Alan Gowa’s maternal cousin, Shilo (實魯). The “Borkan
Bosaksan Oryangkai Sinchibayan” that Kori Mergen was looking for was the Malgal
word for “Bulham (不咸) Malgal (靺鞨) Orangke (吾良哈, Oyanghap) Sinjibaek (神智伯).” In <Geumsa,Jin Dynasty History>, the Konggrat tribe was
called “Pasokhwa (婆速火)”, which was “Bosko-l” or
“Malgal” in Oronki-Ewenke language. They were “the Orangke tribe, a tribe of
Malgal living in Bulham-san(mt) or Baekdu-san(mt)” and the leader “Shin
Jibaek”.
<Secret
History of the Mongols> does not write much about whether Kori Mergen
obtained hunting grounds from this Orangke leader Shin Jibaek. However, there
is a record that his party passed through the land of Borkan Kaldon under this
understanding. Although it was much later, at some point during the process,
Kori Mergen called the hometown that <집사Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> calls “Korras” “Bor Khan Khaldun (不咸 曷懶甸)” lived separately in Hamheung. Their descendants later left
Hamheung, their ancestral land, and moved to present-day Southern Mongolia,
Jilin Province, and “Gorlas villages” in Heilongjiang Province.
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