“Dotommanin (Menin)” in <Tarikh-e
Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> is written as “Khan
of Dotumin” in <Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan
Countries>. Therefore, this name seems to have been used by his descendant
as the title of “Daedongmyeong King.” Therefore, this name seems to have been
used by his descendant as the title of “Daedongmyeong King.” If so,
“Menenthodon” in <Secret History of the Mongols> may have been a
misrecording of “Todonmenen (Daedongmyeong King, 大東明王).”
Neither <the Secret History of Mongolia> nor <the Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, wrote about Dotom Menen.
However, he is said to have had “seven sons” in the former
book and “nine sons” in the latter book, greatly increasing the number of his
family in the “Nirun Mongol lineage.” However, his wife, Monolon, and eight
sons met with the misfortune of being massacred by the Jalair tribe.
Episode 1. “Menen Tudon (蔑年土敦)” was Tudon (土敦) of the Ogukbujan County (五國沒撚部, 오국몰연부) of the Da Liao (大遙) Dynasty
Before moving on to the story of Dotom Menen and his wife
and sons, let’s infer his era and deeds through his title, which is written as
“Dotom Menen” in <Jipsa Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史
History of Mongolia>, but “Menen Tudon (蔑年吐敦,
Menen-tudun)” in <Secret History of Mongolia>.
The original <Yuan Dynasty History>, or <Secret
History of Mongolia>, wrote his name in Idu-style Chinese characters as “蔑年吐敦 (Menen Tudon, 멸년토돈).” Regarding this name,
some scholars believe that “Todon (吐敦)” refers to a
“chief officer (長官)” who was dispatched to a conquered
village during the Gokturk Khanate (突厥汗國) and stationed
there while supervising and ruling the country and collecting tribute.
However, they have not been able to clarify what the name
“Menen-” is. However, that “Menen (蔑年)” actually
refers to the “Menenbu-Menen-county” of the Liao Dynasty, or “Malnyeonbu-Malnyeon
county (抹撚部).” Otherwise, it is “Ogukbujan-bu (county)
(五國沒撚部 Ogukmolyeonbu, or Josin (女眞) Lim clan village 林氏部落)” or Ogukmisaru-bu(county)
(五國蒲聂部, Ogukposubbu). This was originally one of the five states
of the Liao (遙) country that existed in the area from
Hamgyeongbuk-do to Liaodong, including the Bunnu-ri (盆奴里) section, and today it is a wide area that can be estimated to
extend east of Yilan County (依賕县, Yilan
County) in Heilongjiang (黑龙江) and west of Gyamusi (佳木斯, Gamushi
City).
However, “Menen (蔑年, Myeolnyeon)”
is actually the surname of the “Misar (抹撚, Malnyeon)”
village of the Jin (金) country located in
Hamgyeongbuk-do, Korea. In the end, “Menen (蔑年, Myeolnyeon)”
is not the surname of “Menen-tudun (蔑年吐敦, Menen-tudun)”
but rather the “hometown”, the name of the village of “Misar (抹撚)” of the Jin Dynasty. This hometown was the name of the district
that was originally called “Liao (遙) Shangging-upper capital
(上京)” and later changed to “Rinhwang-ro (臨潢路)” of the Jin Dynasty.
The early capital of the Jin Dynasty, Hoeryongbu (上京會寧府), is today's Asong (阿城), Heilongjiang
Province. "Misar (抹撚 Malyeon)" and
"Menen (蔑年, Myeolnyeon)" were located
somewhere in the land from Hamgyongbuk-do to the Jin Dynasty's upper capital,
Hoeryongbu, past Jeokbong (赤峰, Ulan Hada) in the west
of Liaoning Province, and to Imdongjin (臨東鎭), Baalin Juagi
(巴林左旗, Parim Juagi) in Inner-Mongol. However, judging
from the fact that his ancestors and sons lived in our Hamgyeong-do, and his
title, “Menen-tudun (蔑年吐敦, 멸년토돈
Menen-tudun)” was a person who lived in the Oguk Molyeonbu (五國沒撚部, 오국몰연부) of Hamgyeong-do during the Liao
Dynasty.
Episode 2. Younger brother “Karandai (哈蘭殆? Haprangtae)” and Eastern-Goryeo (東界)
“Karanbu (哈蘭府, Haprangbu)”
<Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of
Mongolia> records only the famous Kaido among the nine sons of Dotom Menen
and Monolun, and does not record the names of the other eight sons. This is
because all eight of his sons died in the great disaster with the Jalair tribe,
as the story that will unfold next.
In contrast, verse 45 of <the Secret History of the
Mongols> states, “Menen Tudun’s sons were Qaci-kuluk, Qacin, Qaci’u, Qacula,
Qaraldai, Qaci’un, and Nacin-ba’atur, seven,” and although the numbers were
different, it reports the names of the sons. However, <the Secret History of
the Mongols>, which records the names of the seven sons of Menen Tudun that
are not in the genealogy of <the Tarikh-e Monghul, Collected History of
Mongolia>, inserts the generations of “Qaci-kuluk” and “Nacin” as the father
and uncle of “Kaido,” indicating a genealogy that is one generation longer.
Therefore, there is no definitive answer as to which of the two genealogies in
<Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> and <Secret
History of the Mongols> is correct.
However, the genealogy of Chinggis Khan's ancestors in
<Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> is at least the
genealogy explained to Rashid by Bolad Prime Minister(丞相, 승상) from
the Yuan Dynasty, the brother country of the Il Khanate, and the elders who
knew the history and genealogy of Chinggis Khan's family well, after reviewing
and discussing the contents of the <Golden Book (Altan Daftar)>, or the
"Old Document", the "Genealogy (族譜)".
In comparison, <Secret History of Mongolia>, which is
generally considered to have been written before <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, mainly focuses on the history of the era
of Genghis Khan, so it can be seen as having some mistakes or errors as a
result of neglecting the genealogy of his ancestors. Therefore, the genealogy
of <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> can
be considered more correct, at least in terms of the genealogy of his
ancestors.
This is proven by the fact that the genealogy of his
ancestors is from Dobon Mergen, the first husband of Alan Go, who was not
related to his ninth-generation ancestor Bojanjar, to Burte Chino. However, the
genealogy of <Secret History of Mongolia> is also worth considering for
other reasons, regardless of the differences with <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>.
The genealogy of <the Secret History of the Mongols>
states that Menen Tudun's first son, "Qaci-kuluk", was the 7th direct
ancestor of Temujin. However, <the Tarikh-e Monghul, History of Mongolia>,
deleted him, and according to this description and our inference, this person
can be ignored within the system of <the Tarikh-e Monghul, History of
Mongolia>. However, it is necessary to examine in more detail the genealogy
of <the Secret History of the Mongols> regarding Menen Tudun's fourth
son, Qacula, his fifth son, Qaraldai, and his seventh son, Nacin-ba'atur.
First, let’s look at the fifth son, “Qaraldai (合阑殆?
Hap-ran-tae).” However, this name provides important information about the era
in which these brothers lived and their hometown. This is because the name
“Qaraldai (合阑태, Hap-ran-tae)” is like how we used to call a woman’s name
“Hap-ran (哈蘭) Daek(Lady)” instead of her hometown.
Specifically, the name “Qaraldai (合阑大,
Hap-ran-dae)” of Menen Tudun’s fifth son means a person with the surname
“Karalbu (哈蘭府, Hap-ran-tae)” in the Goryeo Donggye (東界), “Karal Ssi (Clan) (哈蘭氏, Hap-ran-tae).” At
that time, “Karanbu (哈蘭府, Hapranbu)” was a “Joseon (朝鮮) village”. Therefore, it can be seen as a clan village of the Dae
clan (大氏) lineage. If so, “Karandai (合阑大,
Haprantae)” was the surname of the chieftain who ruled the village, used as a
name. Or, like the younger brother “Nachin”, or “Najin” in <Tarikh-e
Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, “Karaldai” is
a name based on place names, so it may have been a name given by Lady Monolun
after the two were born in Hapranbu (哈蘭府) and Najin (羅津), respectively.
Next, in <the Secret History of the Mongols>,
Temujin's 7th great-grandfather, "Qaci-kuluk", is his 6th youngest
brother, "Nacin-ba'atur", and in fact, together with
"Nacin" in <the Tarikh-e Monghul, History of Mongolia>, is a
cousin of Dotom Menen, the father of Khaidoh in <the Tarikh-e Monghul,
History of Mongolia>. The story is that "Qaci-kuluk" and
"Nacin" were the sons of "Bokatai", the younger brother of
Boka, Dotom Menen's father.
In <Tarikh-e Monghul, History of Mongolia>, it is
said that “Najin-(Baatr)”, the son of Bogatai, the uncle of Dotom Menen, the
7th great ancestor of Genghis Khan, and the 4th cousin of Dotom Menen himself
saved his nephew, “Kaido”, from being killed, when the “eight brothers of
Qaidu” was killed by the Jalair tribe
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