Story 66. The meaning of Genghis Khan is “Tinggis Khan” or
“King of Jin Guk”
After “Temujin (Great Martial God)” became the “Khan” of
Mongolia, the title of “Genghis Khan” he used for himself was “King of Jin Country”.
The most representative interpretation of this title that
has been used in academic circles is the one widely spread by the famous
American author Harold Lamb in his book <Genghis Khan, the Chief of the
Mongols (Mongollar’in Efendisi Cengiz Han)>. He said that Genghis Khan's
"original name was Temujin (Temujin means the most refined iron),"
and according to the explanation in <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, "Genghis Khan (Cengiz Han) means the
greatest of rulers, the king of all people."
However, Harold Lamb's statement that "Temujin means
the most refined iron" has now been revealed to be a completely wrong
interpretation.His statement that "Genghis Khan (Cengiz Han) means
the greatest of rulers, the king of all people" is also wrong.
C.T. Evans/HIS241 Mongols & Russia remarks by Prof. Evans/ GoogleContrary to his interpretation, the etymology of
"Genghis Khan" is the title of his ancestor "Tengiz Kon (Tinggis
Khan)" in <Saguksa, Taikh-i Arba' Ulus, 四汗國,
Four Khan Countries>. This person was the “Jin-guk(country) King (震國王)” written as “Tengis Khan” in <Saguk-sa, Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, and he was Daeya-bal (大野勃), the younger brother of King Dae Jo-yeong (大祚榮) of Balhae Dynsaty.
The title of this person, “Jin-guk King (震國王)”, which was derived from the old Chinese characters
“Tin-get-Khan”, was the true etymology of the title “Genghis Khan”.
Here, “Jin-guk/Jin-kingdom (震國)” refers to
“Balhae (渤海), so “Jin-guk king/Jin country King (震國王)” ultimately means “Balhae King (渤海王)”.
Temujin, the descendant of the ‘Great Martial God’ of Goguryeo, declared that
he was the new “King of Balhae” by using “Jin-guk-king/Jin kingdom king (震國王)” of “Balhae (渤海)” as his title. Jin-guk/Jin-Dynasty (震國) was the name of the first country founded by Dae
Jo-yeong (大祚榮), who founded Balhae, and later changed
the name of the country to Balhae (渤海).
When Temujin, the world conqueror, gave himself the title
“Genghis Khan”, which means “King of Jin-guk/Jin Country King (震國王),”
he did not say that he was “the greatest of rulers, the king of all people.”
Surprisingly, he declared that he was the new “King of
Balhae” who succeeded Goguryeo Kingdom. By re-adopting the title of his 19th-generation
ancestor, “Tinggis Khan” Daeyabal, the founder of the second royal lineage of
Balhae Kingdom, he revealed to the world that he was a descendant of Jinguk-king/ Jin Country King (震國王) and that he was also the “Jinguk-king/Jin Kingdom king (震國王)”, i.e. the “Balhae King”.
According to ancient Chinese character knowledge, the two
Chinese characters “Jinguk (震國)” had the sound “Tin-get” in the middle ages and ancient times. However, the final consonant “-t” changed to “-t
(middle chinese) → -r (middle Balhae, Tungusic, and Mongolian) → -z (middle
Turkic)” according to the law of phonetic change (sound change) that changed
the sound to “Tinggis”. This word became “Chinggis Khan” through the process of
“ㅌ/t-” of the dark sound in Goguryeo-Malgal being
palatalized into “ㅊ/ch-”.
The word “Jinguk/Jin Kingdom (震國)” was added
with “-wang/king (王)” corresponding to “-khan (kon)” to
create the word “Jinguk-wang/Jinguk- king (震國王).”
Episode 1. Why did Genghis Khan name his country “Mongol (蒙古)”?
7 Malgals in Goguryeo /Namuwiki/Google
Temujin
also named his country “Mongol.” As <Selected History, Tarikh-e Gojide by
Hamdujallah bin Abi Bakr bin Ahmad bin Naser Mostufi Qazvini, Teheran 1387>
testifies, this land, which is called “Mongol” today according to the name of
the country that Genghis Khan himself came up with, had only the names of
various tribes until the time of Temujin himself, and there was no unified
country name. As mentioned earlier, this land was called “Gukturk (突厥)” during the Tang Dynasty, “Supul (阻卜,
Jobok)” during the Liao Dynasty, and even these names almost disappeared during
the Jin Dynasty.
After
unifying the various tribes in today’s Mongolia, Temujin declared that the
country he founded was the “Malgal (靺鞨)” country, a
successor to “Balhae (渤海).” That was “Mongol”, which means “Mol Gol (靺鞨)”, or “horse (馬)-goeul/village (忽, hol).” The other name
for Goguryeo (高句麗), which was formed by the seven
Malgal divisions (靺鞨七部) including Goguryeos (句麗), Goguryeos, Malgols (靺鞨), and Malgols like
Heuksu Malgal (黑水靺鞨), Sokmal Malgal (粟末靺鞨) and so on.
And thus its name became “Molgol (Malgal)” Balhae (渤海), and “Molgol (Malgal)” was “Mongol.” That is why, after Temujin
became the Khan of “Mongol,” he also called himself “Jin Guk -wang/king/khan (震國王),” or “Genghis Khan.” Through this, Genghis Khan declared to the
world that the new Malgal he had created, “Yeke (大, great)
Mongol (Mongol),” was the successor state of Goguryeo and Balhae.
In the
Goguryeo region, there were several castle towns (城邑)
called “Guryeo (句麗=城, castle/fortress)”,
which is the origin of the word “goeul/village/town” today, and “Guryeo (句麗)”, and when those “Guryeo (句麗)”, numerous
other “Guryeos (句麗)”, and many mountain towns/villages
“Malgals (靺鞨)”, which were villages of border guards,
and many more “Malgals(靺鞨)” were combined, it becomes
“Keo (大,great/big)-Guryeo (句麗)”,
that is, Goguryeo (高句麗)” were formed with many inner
castles/fortress towns (城邑) and numerous border villages.
However, the reason he adopted “Malgal (Mongolia),” another
name for Balhae, instead of Goguryeo, as the name of the country was probably
to distinguish this “Goryeo” in Korea penisular from Temujin’s own country, since it
already existed. If so, then Genghis Khan also revealed that his own country
succeeded “Goguryeo.”
Episode 2. Summary of the story of finding the roots of
Temujin’s ancestors
[Goguryeo
Royal Family Illegitimate Family]
[Geol Geol
Jung Sang]
↙ ↘
[Balhae King Dae Jo-yeong] [Ban-an County King Yabal]
↓
[Golden
Jar, Guem Haeng, Altan Khan]
↙ ↙ ↓ ↘
[Churluk Mergen] [Kubaisire] [Tusbuda] [Yongnyeo] ∙∙∙∙ [Jakjegeon]
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
[Konggrat Tribe] [Yekiras
Tribe] [Korlas Tribe] [Goryeo Family]
↓ ↓ ↓
↓ [Jin
Dynasty Family] ↓
↓ ↓ [Yuan Dynasty Family]
[Konggrat Dynasty] [Qing Dynasty Family]
(Uzbekistan)
Genghis Khan’s legendary ancestors Kiyan and Nikuz, namely
Daegan and Nimgum, were defeated in the “Great War between the Tatars and the
Mogol Tribes” and hid in Arkhana Kun, the army of the Yalu (Amnok) River in
west southern Balhae. This war was described in history books as an “International
war that shook East Asia in which Balhae, Khitan, and Gokturks cooperated, and
the Tang’s allied forces of Silla, Shiwei, and Heishui Malgal participated” in
September 732, when the Balhae army crossed the sea and attacked Tang’s
Dengzhou.
After many years, the Konggrat tribe was the first to
escape Arkhana Kun. They were a group of Geumhaeng (金幸) who participated in the war to recover the lands in the south of
Balhae that Balhae lost to Silla Dynasty in the aforementioned war.
Geumhaeng was the “Golden Jar” of the “Konggrat tribe,” the
legendary ancestor of Genghis Khan. The three tribes of the Balhae royal family established by
the three sons of the “Golden Jar” were the Konggrat (歡於羅, Hwan-eo-ra) tribe, the Yekiras tribe (役拏氏,
Yeok-ra clan), and the Korras tribe (高麗羅氏, Goryeo Na
clan, 合蘭路氏, Hap-ran-ro clan).
The results of looking into these three tribes were
surprising. The Yekiras tribe, descendants of the second son of the Golden Jar,
Hambo (函普), established the Jin (金) kingdom. The Korras tribe, descendants of Au Bohwal-li (保活里), was the direct ancestor of Genghis Khan and established the
Mongolian Four Khanates on the world stage.
The Kongrat tribe, descendants of the eldest son Agorae (阿古迺, Agonae), was the tribe of Genghis Khan's wife.
When the Korras tribe, descendants of Bohwal-li, stepped
down from the Khan's position, they established the Kongrat Dynasty (Khiva
Khanate 1511-1923) in Khiva, Uzbekistan, which was annexed by the Soviet Union
in 1923.
The result of the world conquest achieved by the third
generation of the family of the world conqueror Genghis Khan lasted for 700
years, unlike any other short-lived regional empire in the past, and has left
behind a comprehensive human heritage in politics, society, law, and culture
all over the world to this day.
Furthermore, the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234), the Yuan Dynasty
(1271–1368), and the world-class Mongol Empire all came from one family.
In addition, the Qing Dynasty (1636–1912) also came from
this family. Not only the Mughal Empire (1526–1857), which ruled India,
Pakistan, and Bangladesh before British rule, but also the various dynasties in
present-day Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in West Asia and Central Asia, and the
Mongols, came from one family of the eternal lineage of Goguryeo-Balhae.
This is a historical epic that traces the rise and fall of
various ethnic groups and the lineage of several families that followed the
royal families of Goguryeo (37 BC–668) and Balhae (698–926) established in
Manchuria after the collapse of Old Joseon.
During Genghis Khan's childhood and youth, he overcame
numerous hardships and difficulties to grow into the chieftain of the Mongolian
tribes and unite the various tribes of the Mongolian Plains at the time. He
then conquered the Jin Dynasty and the Western Xia.
Starting with this, the third generation of his family
conquered the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in the east, several parts of
Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Russia, and the northwestern part of the Arab
world in the west.
The areas they conquered are today's China, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Turkey,
and further, the Caucasus, Armenia, Hungary, Poland, and Russia.
In short, it is a story of conquering the entire world at
that time, except for North Africa such as Egypt and Western Europe. The
history of conquest and achievements of Genghis Khan, his sons, and their
descendants have already been studied and are well known by many scholars and
experts.
However, Dr. Jeon Won-cheol, the author of
<Goguryeo-Balhae-Genghis Khan>, has accomplished the historical task of
uncovering the unknown roots of Temujin and his descendants and revealing their
hidden mysterious treasures to the world.
This chapter concludes the outline of his masterpiece, and
I will continue to write about the origin of “Tatar,” which the author did not
cover in detail, and the roots of the Jin and Qing Dynasties.
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