Story 69. The historical reason why ‘Dae-daero (大對盧)’ came to be used as a Turkic “Tatar” ethnic group name

 Story 69. The historical reason why ‘Dae-daero (大對盧)’ came to be used as a Turkic “Tatar” ethnic group name

 In order to see how the name of the Dae-daero family came to be used as a ethnic group name for the “Tatar people” of the Turkic people of Central Asia today, we must look at the historical relationship that the Goguryeo royal family and the Dae-daero family had with them. Let’s look at the record of the fall of Goguryeo in the <Old History Book of Tang>.

 In the second year of the reign of Seong Ryeok (聖曆) (699) of Tang Dynasty, Deok-mu (德武), the son of Go-jang (高藏) of the last king of Goguryeo, was given an official position again and became the Andong Governor (安東都督) and had him lead the main territory (本蕃). From this point on, the old Goryeo households (高麗舊戶) in Andong gradually decreased and then divided and fled to Dolgol (突厥) and Malgal (靺鞨), and the Go clan leader (高氏君長) was finally cut off.’

 Why do we have to look at this passage? The key is right before the words in this history book that say, “The Go clan leader (高氏君長) was finally cut off.”

    Tatars , Namuwiki,Google

This <Old History Book of Tang> states, “Gojang’s son Deokmu was given an official position and made the governor of Andong and led the main territory. From then on, the old Goryeo households in Andong gradually decreased and divided, and fled to Dolgol and Malgal, and the Go clan leader was finally cut off.”

 Where did the group of “Gojang’s son Deokmu” go? This was because the Goguryeo (高句麗) “Dae-daero (大對盧)-Mak-ri-ji (莫離支)” family, including him, went to the “Gokturk” of the time, namely Mongolia and Central Asia, and another group went to the Malgal (靺鞨) that was rising at the time, namely Balhae.

 Episode 1. The “Dae-daero” family and the Deokmu (德武) family of Gojang (高藏)                                  who went to the Gokturk (突厥)

 So now, let’s think about why the group of the “Dae-daero (大對盧)-Mak-ri-ji (莫離支)” family of King Bojang (高藏) split into two regions, namely the Gokturk (突厥) of today’s Mongolia and Central Asia, and the Malgal (靺鞨) north of the Han River in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula, namely Balhae.

 Seventeen years after the death of King Gojang in 682, in 699, the Tang Dynasty again sent Gojang's son, Deokmu, to Andong (northern Goguryeo territory) to rule as the Andong Governor. Why did the Tang Dynasty take such action?

The problem was the great political changes in Liaodong (Andong). Gojang was the last king of a country that had fallen in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an) of the Tang Dynasty in 682, and he left the world in a foreign country. With this, Goguryeo disappeared forever.

 However, 16 years later, Dae Jo-yeong, the son and nephew of the brothers Geolgeoljungsang(乞乞仲象) and Geolsabiu(乞四比羽), the leaders of the Malgals who had previously been dragged back to the Tang Dynasty because of Gojang’s contact with them, rode to Dongmosan Mountain to rebuild Goguryeo, taking advantage of the rebellion of the Khitans Son Man-yeong and Lee Jin-chung.

He then finally re-established the second Goguryeo, “Jin-guk (震國),” or Balhae (渤海), a “nation that succeeded Goguryeo and rose up powerfully like lightning.”

Feeling threatened by this, the Tang Dynasty probably sent Deokmu (德武), the son of Gojang (高藏), to govern his old territory (本蕃) the following year in 699 in order to keep Balhae in check.

 However, as the Old History Book of Tang states, the Tang Dynasty’s expectations were wrong. Soon after, the “old Goryeo households” in Andong gradually decreased and then split up, fleeing to the Gokturks and Malgal conflicts. Why was that?

Considering the political situation at the time, the fact that they disappeared is clearly related to the establishment of Balhae. In particular, what does <the Old History Book of Tang> mean when it says that Deokmu, the son of the local chieftain who returned to rule the old land of “Goguryeo,” “disappeared to the Gokturks and Malgal”?

 That is, when Dae Joyeong’s Balhae entered Yodong=Andong, some of them joined Dae Joyeong’s “Malgal (靺鞨)”, or “Balhae,” and those who opposed it left west and entered the Gokturks (突厥). This is why it is said that “the Go clan leader (高氏君長) was finally cut off.”

 Do you believe this record or understand its meaning?It seems that few of our historians have thought deeply about this.

However, this is referring to the fact that someone from the “Dae-daero (大對盧)” family, who followed Deokmu, one of the sons of the Goguryeo king, back to the old land of Goguryeo, accompanied Andong Dodok, Governor, Deokmu and the royal family in 699 and went to the Gokturks of the time, which are today’s Mongolia and Central Asia, and then to the Malgal of the time, which were Balhae. This is why the <Old Book of Tang> recorded it that way.

 There is a record that proves this. It is the <Cheokbu-won-gwi (冊府元龜)>. This history book records the events of the third year of the Kai-yuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in 715, more than a generation after the fall of Goguryeo in 688, 47 years later.

 『Daughter of the Gokturks ‘Borut (默叕, Mocheol) Khan’ When “king of Goryeo Makliji (莫離支) Gomungan (高文澗)”, who married Asana ssi (阿史那氏) and became his son-in-law, returned to Tang with about 2,000 households, he appointed him “King of Liaoxi Commandery (遙西郡王).』

 <New Book of Tang> also recorded this event in 715.

『 Botur (默叕) Mocheol’s son-in-law, Prime Minister of Goryeo Makliji (莫離支) Gomungan (高文澗), and Goryeo Big Chief (高麗大酋) Gogongui (高供毅) were said to have combined more than ten thousand bills and traveled back and forth to the border, so he ordered them to enter Hanam Province (河南). Then, Goryeo Makliji Gomungan(高文澗). He was appointed General of the Left, Prince of Liaoxi Commandery, and Si-tae was promoted to General of the Right Guard, Commander-in-Chief of the Xiaji Commandery, and Duke of Loufan Commandery. ∙∙∙ Gao Gong-ui was appointed General of the Left Guard, Commander-in-Chief, Duke of Pingcheng Commandery』

 There is another record that shows that there was a special motive behind the Tang Dynasty’s actions against Gao Mun-gan and his party. <Cheokbuwongui (冊府元龜)> recorded the diplomatic measures taken by the Tang Dynasty four years later in 719 when King Dae Jo-yeong of Balhae passed away.

 『On the first day of the seventh year, the wife of the King of Liaoxi Commandery, Lady Asana, was given the title of Lady of Liaoxi. This favor was bestowed upon the Dongban Chieftain, Mungan, who led his group back to our Tang.

In addition, six months later, in June of the Jeoung Myeo Year, when King Dae Jo-yeong of Balhae passed away, he granted special promotion, gave 500 items, and sent the Left Inspector General to lead the Sangju State's Oh Sa-gyeom and Hong Lo-gyeong-ji Jeol-chung-sa to pay their respects and hold a memorial service.』

 On the one hand, the Tang Dynasty was conscious of Dae Jo-yeong's regime, while on the other hand, they were planning to check the growing power of Balhae right next to it by placing the lineage of the son and grandson of King Bojang, who had gone to the Turks, as local rulers in the land of 'Yeo-seo the Western of Yeo River', right next to Balhae in 'Yeodong,the Eastern of Yeo River'.

 Regardless of the motivation of the person concerned, it has now been revealed as a clear historical fact that after “Go Jang’s grandson, Bowon” ruled Andong, his son Deokmu from the same region went to Andong in 699 and then his family lineage went to “Gokturk”, that is, today’s Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia. After that, up to 16 years later, Gomungan (高門簡) and Gogongui (高供毅) and their party returned from the “Gokturks.” Judging from this, they were probably brothers or grandsons of Gobowon (高寶元), who was the son of Gojang (高藏)’s son Deokmu (德武).

 Gomungan (高門簡) was not called “King of Goryeo,” but “Makriji (高麗莫離支),” which was a title similar to “Daedaero (大對盧),” so his party must have been the party of the “Caravan (the term Daesang (隊商) comes from the procession of the “King of Goryeo) = King of Goryeo.”

Among them, the people who did not return from the Gokturks became “Daldan (韃靼, Daldal),” which we will discuss shortly. They formed a tribe with the “Gokturks (突厥人)” and later became the “Tatars.”

One piece of evidence is the Kazakhs in Kazakhstan today who claim to be descendants of Goguryeo General Goseonji (高仙芝). Their claims are clearly supported by the records in the <New Book of Tang> and <Book of Yuangui>.

 

                  Hakkas Republic in Russia, wikimedia incubator,Google

Episode 2. The “Tadar” tribe of the Hakka Republic, otherwise known as “Khoorai”                       or “Kongurei” or “Greater Goguryeo (Goguryeo)” tribe

 In addition, in the western region beyond Kazakhstan, the former Gokturk region, there is the Russian Hakka Republic, and a Tatar tribe in this region calls itself the “Tadar” tribe, while also calling its own tribe name “Khoorai” or “Kongurei (内官).” Among the Tatar tribes that we saw in the photo right before, this is a tribe that lives in Siberia, a little east of Central Asia.

 In relation to this, Karachakov and Ukrainian say the following:

 『The indigenous people of the Hakkas Republic call themselves Tadar in Holsem, Tadar-Lar in Doublesem, or Korai, and in folk tales they are called Krygs-Korai.

 In Russian documents from the Imperial Russian period, they are called Abykan Tatars, also known as Yenisei Tatars, Achin Tatars, and Minusinsk Tatars∙∙∙.

 The clan name of the Tatar is Kongurai in Altai, and Korai, Kongrai, Kongru, and Beldir in Towa.

 In Kot or Ustar, it is Kongraichien=Koibaly, in Kamas, it is Kaashi, Korai=Koibaly, and in Shor, it is Sagiy.  In English, it is called Khakass, in German, Chakasse, and in French, Khakasser.』

 They use the “Tadar” clan name, which has a sound closer to the Goguryeo language than other Western Tatars, and their appearance is also closer to the koreans, the descendants of Goguryeo.

 Even the relics of their ancestors preserved in museums, as well as the customs of goshire, sundae making, our “bossam(marriage by capture)”, and the ancestors who moved there at a later time than when Goguryeo fell, and became the “Tadar” clan. For this reason, they call themselves “Khoorai”, which means “Goryeo”, and “Kongur”, which means “Goguryeo”, that is, “Great Goryeo”, as their clan title, and at the same time, they call themselves “the people of generations”, Tadar (generation)-Lar (a plural suffix in Turkic), that is, “the people of Tadar”.

 Episode 3. In the late period of Tang Dynasty, Tatar “Daldan (韃靼, Daldal)” is the                          ‘remaining seed (遺種) of Malgal (靺鞨)’

Let’s look at the Tatar people who appeared in the middle period between the “people of generations” of Goguryeo era and today’s Hakkasian “Tadar people”. It is the “Daldan (達靼, Daldal)” clan that famous Tatar-Turkic clan history researchers such as Mirfatif Z. Zekiyev mistakenly regarded as the oldest form of “Tatar clan title”, the so-called “Chinese” clan title of China.

 These are the “Tatar people” and “Tatar people” of today. They are the ancestors. Their roots are amazing. Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty said surprisingly about “Daldan (達靼),” one of the Chinese characters for “Tatar,” that “Daldan (達靼) is the remaining seed (遺種) of the Malgal (靺鞨).” However, “Malgal (靺鞨)” is “Goguryeo (高句麗).” Therefore, the story is that Daldan’s hometown is ultimately Goguryeo.

 『Daldan (達靼) is the remaining seed (靺鞨之遺種) of the Malgal. It was originally located in the northeast of the Xi (奚) and Khitan (契丹). Later, it was attacked by the Khitan and the tribes were divided and scattered. Some belonged to the Khitan and some It belonged to Balhae (渤海), but the separate tribes (別部) lived scattered in the dark mountains (陰山, 陰山) and called themselves Daldan (達靼). They appeared in China (中國) with that name at the end of the Tang Dynasty (618~907).』

 No historian paid attention to this important article.

The “remaining seeds (遺種) of Malgal (靺鞨)” are the oldest clan name of the so-called “Chinese” etymology of “Tatar” as mentioned by Dzhekiev, Daldan (達靼, ta-ta, da-da), and their mother, “Malgal (靺鞨)” is “Goguryeo (高句麗).”

 If so, “Daldan (達靼)” is the remaining seed (遺種) of “Goguryeo”, and these are the “Tatars” of today. In the end, the “Daldan (達靼)” that Western scholars such as Zekiev regarded as “Chinese”, that is, the “basic clan name by which other races generally call the Turks is not the clan name Tatar”, was clearly the Goguryeo-Malgal language.

 The Goguryeo “Daedaero (大對盧)” family, including Deokmu (德武), the son of Gojang (高藏), entered the Gokturks of the time, that is, today’s Mongolia and Central Asia, and they later became the “Tatar race.” The “Tatars” of the Song Dynasty, “Daldan (達靼)” that emerged after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, are the remaining seed (遺種) of the Malgal (靺鞨). In the end, the “Tatar” race The etymology is not Turkic but Goguryeo “Dae Daero (大對盧).”