Story 70.
“Tatar 8 Khans” are the “8 generations of the Daedaero (大對盧) Gaegeum (蓋金)” family
We study
the genealogy of “Tatar Khan” and “Mogul Han” in <Saguk Sa, Taikh-I Arba'
Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> and confirm
whether the genealogy is the genealogy of Goguryeo.
The Wars of Tang / Sillar and Goguryeo, Backje. Wiki Encyclopedia/Google
The
genealogy called “Mogul Han” in Turkic-Persian has already been revealed to be
the genealogy of King Dae Jo-yeong of Balhae. He was originally the “old
general of Goguryeo” and the chieftain of Sokmalgal(粟末靺鞨), as stated in <Goryeosa高麗史, Goryeo
History>. If so, the name of “Tatar Khan” was “Tatar” and since it was the
title of the “Daedaero (大對盧)” office, the family that
held this office is the genealogy of Tatar Khan.
In that
case, the “Tatar 8 Khans” mentioned in <Saguk-sa, Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> are the lineage of “Yeon Gaesomun (淵蓋蘇文).”This is
because he held the official position of “Dae Daero (大對盧).”
However,
the question is whether there were other people in his lineage who held the
same title, so there were “8 Daedaeros.”
His father
clearly held this official position.
『When his father, eastern area Big man (大對盧),
died, Yeon Gaesomun wanted to succeed to his position, but the people of the
country thought [Yeon Gaesomun’s] personality was cruel and vicious and hated
him, so he could not ascend to that position.』
This
record is that the father of “Yeon Gaesomun (淵蓋蘇文)”
was a person with the official title “Daedaero (大對盧).”
Also, the
epitaphs of the four books and members of this family have been written since
his family occupied the position of Makriji-Daedaero (莫離支-大對盧) since the time of Gaesomun’s
grandfather, Jayu (子遊), and his father and Gaesomun (蓋蘇文) himself occupied this position, and his three sons also held the
position of “Tae Dae Makriji (太大莫離支)” by adding “Tae (太)” and “Dae (大)” to the position of “Makriji
(莫離支)”, which is the same position as “Dae Daero (大對盧)”.
That is,
from the grandfather of “Yeon Gaesomun (淵蓋蘇文)” to his
three sons, a total of six people occupied the position of “Dae Daero (大對盧)-Makriji (莫離支)” for generations.
『 1. Jayu (자유)/Makriji-Daedaero (莫離支-大對盧)
2. Taejo (太祚)/Makriji-Daedaero (莫離支-大對盧)
3. Gaegeum (蓋金)/Tae Daero (太大對盧)
4. Cheonnamsaeng (泉男生) /Tae DaeMakriji
(太大莫離支)
5. Cheonnamgeon (泉男建)/Dae Makriji
(大莫離支)
6. Cheonnamsan (泉男産)/Tae Dae Makriji
(太大莫離支)』
The reason
for this conclusion is as follows:
Regarding
Gaesomun, "His father in eastern area (東部)∙∙∙ When the
great man Dae Dae-ro died, the third generation [Yeon] Gaesomun wanted to
succeed to his position, but ∙∙∙ he could not attain that position.”
This is
because the following records appear:
『The third generation Yeon Gaesomun made Jang (㵴), the son of the king’s younger brother, the king, and made himself
Makriji (莫離支).
His
official position was similar to the role of the Minister of War and the Chief
Secretary of the Tang Dynasty. He commanded the entire country and did whatever
he wanted with the affairs of the country.』
He, who
had previously been indignant at not being “Dae-ro (大對盧),” became “Makriji (莫離支)” this time and did
whatever he wanted with the affairs of the country. Gaesomun ascended to the
position and eventually killed King Yeongnyuw (榮留王) and
installed his nephew, King Bojang, as he pleased. If that is the case, then
“Daedaero (大對盧)” and “Makriji (莫離支)” are in fact the same official positions.
Also, if
we look at the epitaph of Yeon Gaesomun’s eldest son, <Cheon Namsaeng, 墓誌銘> who entered Tang just before the fall of Goguryeo, his son
<Cheon Heonseong’s epitaph>, and his great-grandson Cheonbi (泉毖), we can obtain information about how many people in Yeon
Gaesomun’s family had this “Daedaero (大對盧) = Makriji (莫離支)” official position.
Episode.
The genealogy of 8 people in 6 generations confirmed in the history books and
epitaphs
According
to <Cheon Nam-saeng's epitaph (泉男生, 墓誌銘)>, Cheon Nam-saeng was the eldest son of Gae-geum, but he was
the first to flee to Tang before Goguryeo fell due to the challenges of his two
younger brothers. After that, he also led the Tang army that invaded Goguryeo,
and later died in Tang.
This
<Cheon Nam-saeng's epitaph (泉男生, 墓誌銘)> was
discovered underground in Luoyang, Henan Province, and came to light. This
epitaph first states, “His surname is Cheon, his nickname is Namsaeng, and his
pen name is Wondeok, and he is from Pyongyang, Liaodong County,” and identifies
his hometown. The epitaph then states, “He was originally a man of great
genealogy, and originally came from a spring. He prayed to the gods to build a
sacred land, and after that, he was born as a noble family.”
After
that, he reveals the official positions of his three ancestors,saying,
“His great-grandfather Jayu and grandfather Taejo both held the position of
Mokriji, and his father Gaegeum held the position of Tae Daedaero.”
He then goes on to say about them, “Both his
grandfather and father were good at forging iron (良治) and archery (良弓), both of them commanded
soldiers and weapons, and both of them wielded the power of the country as they
pleased.”
Going a
bit further, this epitaph adds, “When Gyeru (桂樓)
prospered, ∙∙∙ the hat and hood were soon the grandson of the king. ∙∙∙
Sangju-guk (上柱國), Byeon-guk-gong (卞國公) Cheon Nam-saeng (泉男生) was a great man of
the five tribes and an outstanding man of the Three Hans (三韓), full of wit and intelligence.”
If we
summarize the family relationships from this content, the following family tree
emerges.
『 1. Ziyou (子遊, Makriji-Daedaero)
2. Taejo (太祚, Makriji-Daedaero)
3. Gaegeum (蓋金, Taedaero)
4. Cheon Namsaeng (泉男生, Taedaero Makriji),
Cheon Namgeon (泉男建, Daedaero Makriji),
Cheon Namsan (泉男産, Taedaero Makriji)』
In the
genealogy of the four generations identified from this <Cheon Namsaeng
Epitaph (泉男生 墓誌銘)>, his youngest brother,
<Cheon Namsan Epitaph (泉男産)>, let's add the
information from the epitaph of <墓誌銘>.
This
latter epitaph adds the information that the "Makriji (莫離支)" that Gaesomun's father and grandfather had was also
"Dae Daero (大對盧)", which means that they had
the "great name of Daero (對盧)". This epitaph
also says that the youngest of the three brothers, Cheon Nam-san (泉男産), also became Tae-dae-Makriji (太大莫離支).
In
addition, let's look at the epitaph of Cheon Heon-seong (泉獻誠), the eldest son of Cheon Nam-saeng (泉男生),
the eldest brother of Cheon Nam-san (泉男産). This epitaph
reads, "His son is a military cavalryman (武騎尉), It
says, “Yu seonghyeon (柳城縣) Hyeon Eun (玄隱) is the
founder of the nation (開國男)” and also, “Hyeon-eun (玄隱), Hyeon-il (玄逸), and Hyeon-jeong (玄靜) were his sons.”
It briefly
introduces the epitaph of “Cheon-bi (泉毖),” who was the
son of “Cheon Hyeon-eun (泉玄隱),” one of the sons of
Cheon Heon-seong (泉獻誠), also called “Cheon-eun (泉隱).” In the end, a total of six generations of the family were
confirmed.
However,
among them, there were as many as six people who used the title “Mak-ri-ji”
from generation to generation. So, even if there is no record that a total of
eight people from this family held that official position, it is certain that
the “Dae-daero (大對盧)-Mak-ri-ji (莫離支)” family and the “Tatar 8 Khans” family are the same. This is
because in any Eastern history book such as the <Samguk Sagi (三國史),3 Kingdom History>, <the Old Book of Tang (舊唐書)>, or <the
New Book of Tang (新唐書))>, there is no family other
than the Gaesomun (蓋蘇文) family.
However,
just in case, we should verify whether the members of this family line are
really the “Tatar 8 Khans” mentioned in <the Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>.
In other words, we should verify whether the
names of the people in the list of the “Tatar 8 Khans” in <the Taikh-I Arba'
Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> and the
people who held the “Dae-daero (大對盧)-Mak-ri-ji (莫離支)” in the Gaesomun store match each other.
Therefore, let's first
look at the list of the "Tatar Eight Khans" mentioned in <Saguksa, Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>.
List of
the "Tatar Eight Khans"
『 1. Totor Khan
2. Buko Khan
3. Almujanna Khan
4. Ansil Khan/Alairi Khan
5. Etsizh Khan - King
6. Odu Khan - Master of Totor Ulus
7. Boydu
Khan - Moved troops toward the border of Mogul District; invaded from Tang』
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