Story 18 Argana Kun is in the land of Balhae where Kayan and Nekuz lived.

 

 Story 18 Argana Kun is in the land of Balhae where Kayan and Nekuz lived.

Dr. Jeon Won-cheol, along with Jorik Tuyev, looked for a place name in Balhae that sounds similar to “Argun (Argun) River (河)” that they considered “Ergene Kun. ”Not only “Ergene-”, but also “Ergene Kon” have place names that are completely phonetically identical.

Furthermore, it is a place name that cannot be anything other than that in terms of “historical facts.”It is the “Abnokgun (鴨淥軍)” of the Liao Dynasty, which was also called “Balhae Western Capital (渤海西京) Abnokbu (鴨淥府)”, an administrative unit of Balhae.

First, let’s look at this land through historical records. “Nokju (淥州) Abnok-gun (鴨淥軍) was originally the old territory of Goguryeo. Balhae called it Western Capital (西京) Abnok-bu (鴨淥府).

The fortress was 9m high and 8km round, and it governed all the affairs of the four states of Sinju (神州), Hwanju (桓州), Pungju (豊州), and Jeongju (正州).”

Episode 1. “Ergene Kun” of Genghis Khan’s ancestors from a linguistic historical perspective

Then why is “Abnok-gun (鴨淥軍)” called “Ergene Kun”? Above all, “A-b-ro-gun”, which is presumed to be one of the old sounds of “Abrok-gun (鴨淥軍)”, is almost the same sound as the “Argun” river that the mainstream theory says, and is also similar in sound to “Ergene Kun.”

However, the sounds of the two are not completely the same. Despite these minor differences, “Ergene Kun” and “Abrok-gun (鴨淥軍)” are actually the same. To see this fact, let’s look at the original, accurate sound of “Ergene Kun.”

The place name that mainstream scholars call “Ergene Kun/Kon” is not translated into Persian <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>and Turkic <Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, but is written as “Arkhana Kun” or “Arghana Kun” and “Arkhana Kun.”

The place name “Ergene Kun”, the legendary ancestor land of Genghis Khan, was first recorded in phonetic script in these two historical books.

The Turks have a habit of frequently changing the vowel “a” to the sound “e”, which is a mutation phenomenon of “a → a’ → e”.

If we go back in time to find the original sound of this historical linguistic development,the original form is traced as “Ergene Kun → Ergana Kon → Argana Kon → Argana Kon (Arkana’qun)”.

Therefore, it is certain that “Argana Kun” or “Arkana’qun” is the early sound that Rashid wrote down. In addition, if we reconstruct the original sound of the 14th century “Arghana Kun” = “Arkana’qun” in the Malgal language of the so-called Malgal (Mogul) people, a party to the “Tatar-Mogul War”,

we can trace it back to “Apra-na-kyn → Apran-a-kyn → Arogangna-kun →A-b-ro gang (river江) gun → Ablugang (river江) gun”.

This last sound is a spoken Malgal sound. This was distorted into the mainstream “Ergene Kun” through the long period of time from the 8th century to the 21st century and through various languages, namely Mongolian → Persian → Turkic and today’s French, Russian, and Turkish.

In the end, the original form of “Ergene Kun” was “Apranakyn” from the 14th to 15th centuries, and the original form from around 734 was the Balhae word “Apran-a-kyn” → “Arogang na (江) Gun = Gun of the Arogang (江river).”

Today, this is pronounced as “Ablug gang Ne (의) Gun.” Meanwhile, the Balhae Classic “Ablug gang(鴨淥郡)” written in <Yosa> is a compressed literary place name, which was originally created as “-gun (郡)” from the place name “Ablug gang (鴨淥江river)-” during the Balhae period.

At that time, the Malgal people would have called it “Abnokgang (鴨淥江)-ne (의)gun (郡)” and “Abnokganggun (鴨淥江)” in their Malgal language.

That is, the spoken pronunciation of this place name perfectly matches the phonetic meaning of “Ab b rokgang-ne (의)kun” and “Argana kon.” Over time, this word gradually became Mongolian-Turkized into the form of “Abnokgang-ne (의) kun → Argan-Akon → Argana-na kun → Ergene kun.”

In the end, “Argun (鴨淥軍)” in <Yosa> is a record of the literary expression, and in Balhae literary language it was “Aw’ b ro-kang-koon (Aw’ro-kang-koon)”,

or “Apnok-gang-gun (鴨淥江郡)”, and in colloquial language it was “Awro-kang-ni-koon (Awro-kang-ni-koon)”, or “Apnok-gang (鴨淥-江)-ne (의)-gun (郡)”.

This is completely consistent with “Apgan-a-kyn (Apgan-a-kyn)” spelled in <Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>.

 

Episode 2. A legendary place revealed through geographical morphology research using the language and letters of the time

Also, this place name, which was restored to its original Malgal name, completely matches the grammatical structure of the “Ergene Kun” they speak of, unlike the “Argun River” basin that does not have the “-kun” that the Zhoriktuyev group speaks of.  Because the administrative unit name “-kun” is included, the administrative unit of Balhae, “-gun(軍)=gun(郡)”, is exactly the same as the last sound “-kun” in “Archana Kun”.

This “-gun(軍)=gun(郡)” has the “meaning” of “goeul(谷, gun郡)” in Malgal, and “goeul(谷, gun郡)” also has the etymological meaning of “valley”.

This is exactly the same etymological meaning as what Rashid explained as “the meaning of kun(Qu’n)” in Persian original text, “kamar-e kon=mountainside(山忽)”.

This is because the “meaning” of the Malgal “kun(軍)=gun(郡)” is “goeul(谷, 忽, gun郡)”, which originally meant “a village in a mountain valley”.

Also The Persian version of <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> explains that “Arkana” is not a “steep mountainside,”

but rather, “Arkana (Arkana) is a “wall (sadd),” that is, a “city wall (kamar-e sadd).” This ultimately means that “Arkana” is a “city wall” and “kun” is a “town (곡谷, 홀忽군郡) on a “hillside (kamar-e koh).”

 A “valley surrounded by a city wall” is a “town (홀忽),” and the towns (곡谷, 홀忽,군郡) of Balhae and Goguryeo, or “castles=fortresses (城),” were usually built in the form of a city wall (kamar-e sadd) surrounding a valley with flowing water.

In contrast, Zoriktuyev says that “Ergene-” is a Russian word meaning “steep (krutoy-).” It means “kun” and “kosagor”, so I think this word means “mountainside” in Mongolian.

However, even when looking at the context recorded in the <Secret History of Mongolia> or <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, it is not a word with such an independent meaning, and in modern Mongolian, the “-kun” does not survive as a word with the independent meaning of “mountain” and is not used with that meaning.

Rather, it is a word related to mountains, valleys, and valleys due to the characteristics of the Goguryeo-Malgal villages that lived along “mountain valleys,” so it can be misunderstood as “mountain.”

The word is a certain village, residential area, region, or administrative unit of a country formed by “mountain” and “valley=gol.” In particular, <Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>says, “This mountain is called Argana Kon,” but while also clarifying that “Argana Kun” means “steep ridge (tond qamar),”it also uses the expressions “Argana Kun Mountain (togi)” and “Argana Kun Region (maqom).”

Looking at this, the “kun” in “Argana Kun” itself does not mean “mountain (山),” but rather “a certain region.” 

In other words, there is a region called “Argana Kun,” and there is a mountain named “Argana Kun Mountain,” and the region where it is located is called “Argana Kon Region (maqom).”   This is what Rashid wrote down when Bolad Chingsang, a senior minister from the Yuan Dynasty, explained that “the county (郡) comes from the word for a steep hill (阜)” regarding the meaning of the Malgal-style Chinese character “county郡” that Rashid described as “Mongolian.”

 Following Rashid’s words, Zorigtuyev interpreted “-kun (kun)” as “-ridge (kosagor)” and said that this word means “mountain (山) in Mongolian”. This can be seen as an arbitrary interpretation that Rashid misunderstood without sufficient understanding of the etymology of the difficult Chinese character “county郡”, which was one of the first foreign words he encountered. The administrative unit “-kun (軍) = gun (郡) = goeul(village)” in written language is the colloquial word “gol/goeul (village valley谷)”, and this latter word originally meant “valley/goeul/gyegok”, which is the same as “valley (溪谷), gorge (곡谷), ravine (溪谷)” in English.

This is the Malgal interpretation of the Chinese character “gun (county郡)” and also the administrative unit “-kun (army軍) = gun (county郡) = goeul (valley谷)” in the Balhae language, the native language used by Kiyan and Takaz.

In conclusion, “Ergene Kun” is “Arcana Kun”,namely “Balhae-Western Capital (渤海西京)”, “gun (county郡) of the Ablu gang(river) (鴨綠江)” and “Ablu-gun(troop) (鴨淥軍)” of the Liao Dynasty.