Story 34. The Golden Jar of Geumhaeng, the “West Sea Dragon King (西海龍王)”, was the maternal grandfather of King Taejo Wang Geon of Goryeo Kingdom “Du Eun Jeom (豆恩岾) Gak Gan (角干)”

Story 34. The Golden Jar of Geumhaeng, the “West Sea Dragon King (西海龍王)”, was the maternal grandfather of King Taejo Wang Geon of Goryeo Kingdom “Du Eun Jeom (豆恩岾) Gak Gan (角干)”

 This founder of Konggrat, Geumhaeng, lived in none other than “Pyeongsan County (平山府)” of Hwanghae-do, “Pyeongju (平州) of Goryeo”. Before this, his clan lived in “Amnokgangne ​​Gun” of the Western Capital of Balhae. However, after the record in <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> that they came from “Arkana Kun (Amnokgangne ​​Gun)”, they lived in “Pyeongju (平州) of our country [Goryeo]” as <Goryeo History> says. This is the story that after the Kongrats left Arkana Kun, they marched south, won the battle against Silla, reclaimed the southern province of Balhae, and settled in today's Pyeongsan, a strategic point in that land. Geumhaeng, who carried out this undertaking, was recorded in <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> as “Golden Jar.” This title is a high title, “Golden Khan.”

                     Seafaring in Bohai/Balhae State/ Springerlink


He was also recorded in <Goryeo Royal Linease Tree> as “Seohae Yongwang (西海龍王),” the maternal great-grandfather of Goryeo Taejo Wang Geon, and his real name was also recorded as “Du Eun-jeom (豆恩岾) Gak-gan (角干).” This title of “Seohae Yongwang,West Sea Dragon King (西海龍王)” is a metaphorical title, but it is a high title equivalent to “Gunwang,County King (郡王)” next to “King (國王)”. The fact that he received this high-ranking title proved the historical truth that he undertook the southern expedition of the Konggrat family during the reign of King Seonwang (宣王). For his achievements at that time, Geumhaeng received the title of “Seohae Yongwang, West Sea Dragon King(西海龍王)”, but this is by no means the “Snake King of the West Sea” as the Chinese characters are directly translated. It is a title that should be interpreted not by interpreting the Chinese characters by their sounds, but by interpreting them by the Malgal meaning of the Chinese characters, as a “Balhae-style Hyangchal,” which has a double meaning (ambiguous meaning) of “Balhae-Goryeo King” and “Goryeo King of Hwanghae-do,Province (黃海道 高麗王).”

He was also called “Goryeo Pyeongju (平州) Monk ()” in the <History of Goryeo (高麗史) King Yejong chapter>, a secret code meaning “Elder of Pyeongju (平州) of Goryeo (高麗).” And in the <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, he ruled the land of Pyeongju,Pyeongju County, under the secret code title “Golden Jar (金罐)” meaning “Golden Khan (金角干).”

On the other hand, another historical secret that shows that his lineage and that of King Taejo of the Founder of Goryeo, Wang Geon, are relatives, is another evidence of the great journey of the Kongrat tribe. Wang Geon's maternal great-grandfather is listed as "Seohae Yongwang (西海龍王)" in <Goryeo Royal Linease Tree (高麗世系)>.This person's real name is "Pyeongju-Person Du Eun-jeom (豆恩岾) Gak-gan (角干)."

However, the important point is that he is the same person as "Monk Geum-haeng of Pyeongju, Goryeo" mentioned in <Goryeo History, King Yejongjo>.

 

<Goryeo Royal Linease Tree (高麗世系)> is a preface to <Goryeo History (高麗史)>, and unlike what scholars of Goryeo history have completely ignored, the story of the ancestors of Goryeo Taejo Wang Geon, “Seohae Yongwang,West Sea Dragon King, (西海龍王)”, should be interpreted not in the Malgal (Balhae) style Idu (Chinese character pronunciation), but in the Hyangchal (meaning interpretation). In this word, the first word “Seohae,West Sea, (西海)-” is another name for “Hwanghae ,Yellow Sea,(黃海)-”, and this latter name for Hwanghae ,Yellow Sea,(黃海) is “Balhae,Bohai Sea, (渤海)”, just as the West Sea is still called today.

Therefore, “Seohae Yongwang,West Sea Dragon King,” is “Hwanghae Yongwang ,Yellow Sea Dragon King,(黃海龍王)” and “Balhae Yongwang,Balhae Dragon King, (渤海龍王)” in the Malgal (Balhae) style Hyangchal (meaning interpretation). In China, the bay between the Shandong Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula is called Balhae (Bohai Sea).

However, if you interpret the second word of this title, “Yongwang,Dragon King, (龍王),” in Malgal, it is “Gorengi King” or “Gureongi,big snake, () King ()”, which is the old sound of “Goryeo (高麗)” plus “King.” In other words, “Yongwang,Dragon King,” means “Goryeo (高麗)) King.”

Here, the national name “Goryeo ( Dragon) = Balhae” is the same as the national name “Goryeo” that the third king of Balhae, Daeheummu, called his own country, Balhae, in a letter to the king of Japan, meaning that it was the same as the old “Goguryeo.” The Balhae people called each other by their own name, and when communicating with Japan, they still continued to use the name “Goryeo” to indicate that Balhae was a continuation of the old “Goguryeo.”

The title “Seohae Yongwang, West Sea Dragon King, (西海龍王)” is actually a secret code that was recorded as “Balhae-Goryeo King (渤海-高麗王)” and “Hwanghae-do (黃海道) Goryeo King (高麗王)”, or “Paeseodo (浿西道) Goryeo King” or “Seohae-do (西海道) Goryeo King”, which were used by Balhae, Gung Ye’s Goryeo-Majin, and Wang Geon’s Goryeo at the time.

Now, Geumhaeng, the “golden jar” of <Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia>, received a secret order from his great-grandfather Yabal’s descendant, the 8th cousin, the former king Daeinsu. It was to break out of the Balhae government’s Yalu(Amnog) River army, charge south, fight against Silla, and recover the lost territory.

The other Malgal tribes hesitated and even advised Geumhaeng not to go.

However, he accepted the former king’s secret order, led his three sons and his people, trampled the furnaces and fields of other Malgal tribes, and bravely ran out to the “Arkhana Kun”, or “AMnog River Gun”, first.

And then, together with the former king, he made brilliant achievements in the war to recover territory against Silla. In this way, Geumhaeng regained all of the southern provinces and ancestral homelands of Balhae that had been lost during the war between Balhae and the Tang Dynasty and Silla during the time of his grandfather, “Kiyan”, or Daegan (大澗) two generations ago.

The Great Arkana Kun of the Konggrat tribe in <Jipsa Tarikh-e Monghul, 集史 History of Mongolia> omits all of the specific contexts of these times and places and records them only abstractly. For this reason, scholars of the history of the Mongolian Empire who do not understand the history of the Malgal (Balhae) have not understood the meaning of this record at all and have regarded it as a mere legend. However, when this record is studied together with the records of the Eastern History Book, it reveals a very important and true historical truth.

So when did they recapture the southern provinces through a large-scale campaign?

The reign of King Seon (宣王) Daeinsu (大仁秀) was from 818 to 830 year. There is no record in the Eastern History Book that directly mentions this war. At this time, the king of the southern kingdom of Silla was the 41st king of Silla, Heondeok (憲德王). His reign was from 809 to 826 year. There is a record that informs us of the end of Konggrat’s long march in 826, the last year of Heondeok’s reign. There is an article in the <Yeonggyeongjae Jeonjip (硏經齋全集)>.

[In the 8th year of the reign of King Insu of Balhae, 826] In the 18th year of King Heondeok, he ordered Baek Yeong, the governor of Ujam, to mobilize 10,000 men from all the states north of Hansan and build the 300-ri(1200 km) long fortresses wall.” Why did they build a mountain fortress that was 300-ri(1200km) long? The reason is related to the deeds of the former kings mentioned in various historical books such as the New and Old Book of Tang (·舊唐書), the later <Yuyudang Jeonseo (與猶堂全書)>, and <Daesidaedongbo (大氏大同譜)>.

In particular, these historical books all record that Insu (仁秀) “conquered various parts north of the sea and greatly opened up territory.”

Because of this war action by Insu (仁秀), the southern kingdom of Silla had to build the “Paegang(Pae River Long Fortress Wall) (浿江長城)” to defend against Balhae’s attacks.

When the former king of Balhae put the actual recovery into practice and mobilized the Konggrat people to drive his army south, Silla lost all of the former Balhae lands from Pyongyang to Hansan (漢山) and retreated. Furthermore, This great wall was built in 826 to defend against Balhae's southward advance. 

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