Story 72. The 8 Tatar Khans, the 5th to the 8th Khans
Episode 1. The 5th Tatar “Etshiz Khan” is ‘A d.l. Shar (男率), or
‘Namgeon (男建)’
The 5th Tatar Khan, “King Etshiz Kon, the son of Ansilkon”,
despite the expression “son”, is actually Cheon Namgeon (泉男建), the “younger brother” of Cheon Namsaeng (泉男生), who served as Daemakriji (大莫離支).
The names “Etshiz Kon” and “Namgeon (男建)” surprisingly match perfectly.
First of all, as shown by the epitaph of his older brother
<Cheon Nam-saeng, 泉男生 墓誌銘> quoted above, “His surname is
Cheon, Hwi ( his nickname) is Nam-saeng, and Ja (courtesy name, his pen name)
is Won-deok, and he is from Pyongyang, Liaodong County,” all of his brothers
were Goguryeo people. Therefore, his name must also be a Goguryeo name.
Second, if we interpret only the first part of his name
“Nam-geon (男建)” in Chinese characters, it means “Ah d.l
(男)-Ki-yan (建),” or “son khan.”
“건(建)” was pronounced as “키안(kianh/kiann)” at that time, which is “개금(gaegeum)”,
or “커칸(Keo khan)”. In the case of 개소문(Gaesomun), it was written as “-금(金, big)”, in the case of “금행(geumhaeng)”, the
founder of the Jin Dynasty, it was written as “-행(hang,
kang)”, and in the case of “도리행(Dorihaeng)/항(Hang)(都利行)”, the prince of Balhae Daemuye,
it was written as “-행(haeng/行=kang)”.
This word was written as “항안니,
Hang anni(穻[우]安你=카안님(Ka an nim)=하안님, Ha an nim)” and “옹-칸, Ung-khan(完-顔[완-안], 왕-칸, Wang-Khan)” during the Jin Dynasty
(1115), about 500 years later, and as “칸, Khan (汗, 한)” during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. If the
second part “-geon (建)” is interpreted in Goguryeo Idu,
it is “-shar (薩, Sal=sol, 率=Suri,
須彌[미]=設,
설=建, Khan)”. Then his name is
“A d.l(男)-shar (薩=率=須彌[미]=設)”.
Then, the name “Et-shiz-kon” recorded in <사국사Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan
Countries> is the Goguryeo word “Adal (男)-shar (薩)-khan (干=建)”, which
changed its sound slightly, “Edal-shar Kon”, and “-ㄹ,-r”
was dropped, making it “Ed-shar Kon”. In other words, “Namgeon (男建)” originally means “Ad. D.L (男)-Kiyan (建)”, which means “son (男) Shar (建=王=薩=設=率=須彌)”. Then, “Gong
(公)=Khan (干=建)=Gahan (可汗)”, which means “king”, was added
to create “Adal-Shar-Gong (公=王)”.
In the process of passing down the name “Adal-Shar-Gong (公=王)” to later generations,
“Adal-Shar-Gong (公=王)” → “Ad-Shir-Kon” → “Ed-Shir-Kon” → “Et-Shir-Kon” → “Et-Siz-Kon”,
which was transformed into Turkic. In the end, “Et-Siz-Kon” is the original
Goguryeo word “A-d.l (男)-Shar (建)+Gong (公)”, or “Son Shar (率=設)-Khan”, written in Turkic pronunciation,
and at the same time, it is written in Chinese characters as “Nam-geon (男建)”.
Episode 2. The 6th
Khan of Tatar, “Odu Khan” is ‘Ad.D.L-Ra(男-産) Khan’
The next 6th Khan of Tatar, “Odu Kon” is the Goguryeo ‘Hyangchal’
name “Namsan(男産)” called “Adal Khan”.
There is no record in the Eastern History Book that “Adal
Khan” “Namsan(男産)” was appointed as the 6th Khan of
Tatar, or the 6th “Daedaero” or “Dae-Mak-Ri-Ji(大莫離支)”.
Fortunately, however, his epitaph states that he was appointed as
“Tae-Dae-Dae-Ro”, or “Tae-Dae-Mak-Ri-Ji(太大莫離支)”.
This is a good example that we should not expect all
historical truths to be written in the historical books that literary
historians believe in.
Then, “Adal Khan” “Namsan(男産)” was
the 6th “Daedaero”, or <Saguksa Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> speaks of the 6th Tatar Khan, “Odu Kon.”
The youngest, “Namsan (男産)”, is written
with a very similar meaning to the eldest, “Namsaeng (男生)” in Goguryeo. This is because, thanks to “Hangeul,” we no longer
use the meaning-sound reading Hyangchal, which borrows Chinese characters, and
today, we read this name simply as “Namsan (男産)”, which
can be called Idu-style, but if we read it with Hyangchal according to the
language and writing system of the time, it is “Adal (男)-Nat
(産)”, or “Adalna.”
At first glance, this name seems quite different from the
6th Tatar Khan, “Odu-Kon.”
However, the two names also have a lot in common. The
Turkicized sound “Odu” is very similar to the Goguryeo sound “Adl/Adal.” In the end, “Odu” is a word that was
distorted into “Odu” as the original Goguryeo name “Adl” gradually became
Turkicized. There is a process that shows this fact.
First, let’s substitute the Silla word “-chan (湌)” which
is similar to “khan (干)” and also sounds similar to “san (産)” instead of “-na (産)” which comes after “Adl-”
in the name of the youngest son “Namsan (男産)”. This is
the very word that is included in the high-ranking Silla officials “Gyeop-chan
(級-湌)” and
“Sa-chan (沙-湌)”. Then,
“Namsan (男産)” becomes “Adal (男)-chan (湌)” in Goguryeo language, and since
“-chan (湌)” is the same concept as “-gan (干)”, it becomes “Adal (男)-khan (干=湌)”. This name used to be “ㅇ.ㄷ.ㄹ/O.D.L Khan (아라아
아달칸,Arae A, Adal Khan)”, so it has exactly the same sound and
meaning as “오두칸,Odu khan”, which is the Turkicized name
of “아라아,Ara A” as “오,Oh”.
However, <사국사Taikh-I Arba'
Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> records “아달샤르칸 Adal Syar Khan, that is, 오두컨 Odu Khon, the
son, Adl, of Namgeon (男建)”, but in fact, “Namsan (남산, 男産)=오두컨 Odu Khan”
is not the “son, Adl” of Namgeon (男建), but the “younger
brother”. Nevertheless, he is in the right position as the Tatar Khan's
chariot.
The third of the three brothers, Odukon, or "Adl(son)
Khan Namsan (男産)" and the second older brother
"Adalshar=Adal Khan (男建)", challenged the
eldest brother "Etella=Adl na (男生)" and took
over the government. However, because of that, they were defeated by the Tang
army led by "Etella=Adl na (男生)" and met the
fate of losing their country.
Episode 3. The 7th Tatar Khan, "Boydu Khan" is
'Cheonhyeonseong (泉獻誠)'
The question is, who among the 8 Tatar Khans is the
"7th Tatar Khan"?
In <Saguksa Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, the person who should be recorded as the
"7th Tatar Khan" should be "Cheon Heon-seong", the eldest
son of Gaesomun and one of the sons of Cheon Nam-saeng, who served as the
Taedae Makriji of Goguryeo.
"Cheon Hyeon-seong (泉獻誠)"
followed his father Cheon Nam-saeng (泉男生) to the Tang
Dynasty when he was around 18 years old and received the titles of
"General of the Left Guard, Right Wing Lin Guard, Upper and Lower Pillars
of the Upper Pillars, Lower and Lower Government."
However, there is a question as to whether Cheon Heon-seong
(泉獻誠) also received the title of
"Dae-daero/Makriji (大對盧/莫離支)", the highest official position of Goguryeo. Of course, his
epitaph clearly states, “At the age of nine, he received the position of
ancestors in his hometown, and was famous in Liaodong.” However, when Cheon
Heon-seong (泉獻誠) lived in “Bon-beon,home country, (本蕃)” Goguryeo, he was only 9 years old. Therefore, his statement that
he “Received the position of a former man (拜先人之軄)” can be interpreted
as meaning that he had already received the title of “Dae-daero/Mak-ri-ji (大對盧/莫離支)” at that young age.
However, considering the importance of the position, it is
difficult to see this “Received the position of a former man 拜先人之軄” as
meaning that he received the title. Nevertheless, it is certain that he was at
least “胿猛之子爲郞” and became a Lang-gun (郎君) of the
Gae clan (蓋氏), which is another position of “Han (汗).” If so, he had already fled to Tang China with his father
Nam-saeng after turning 16 and was He may have claimed to be the successor to
the position of “Tae-Dae Makriji(太大莫離支).”
On the other hand, <사국사Taikh-I Arba'
Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> states that “the
seventh Boidu Khon” “led the army toward the border of Mogol.” In other words,
this means that he “invaded Balhae from the Tang Dynasty.” However, Cheon
Heon-seong (泉獻誠) died around 691 at the age of 43, and
Balhae, which was established in 698, did not yet exist at that time.
Therefore, Cheon Heon-seong (泉獻誠)
seems to have nothing to do with the actions of “the seventh Boidu Khon” who
“led the army toward the border of Mogol.” If so, it is highly likely that one
of his three sons, Hyeon-eun (玄隱), Hyeon-il (玄逸), or Hyeon-jeong (玄靜), made a military
provocation toward Balhae.
However, among the eight Tatar Khans, the “seventh Tatar
Khan”, “Boydu Kon”, is clearly Cheon Heon-seong (泉獻誠).
This is because the eighth Khan of the Tatar Khans, “Sewinchi Kon, son of Boydu
Kon” in <Saguk-sa Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan
Countries>, and “Suyunji Khan” in other Western history books, is “Cheon
Hyeon-jeong (泉玄靜)”, the youngest of the three sons of
Cheon Heon-seong (泉獻誠), as seen below.
Episode 4. “The 8th Khan of Tatar, Suyunji” is the
great-grandson of Gaegeum (蓋金) ‘Hyeonjeong (玄靜)’ Gaeboksun (蓋福順)
In <Saguksa Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, “Sewinchi Kon, the son of Boydu Kon” is
the 8th Khan among the Tatar Khans. He is referred to as “Suyunji Khan” in
other Western historical books. To cut to the chase, he is “Cheon Hyeonjeong (泉玄靜)”, the youngest of the three sons of
Gaegeum’s grandson Cheon Heonseong (泉獻誠).
Cheon Heonseong (泉獻誠), the 4th
generation descendant of “1st generation Daedaero/Makriji (大對盧/莫離支)” Jayu (子遊),
who was identified as the “Tatar Khan”, 651~692) had three sons: Cheon
Hyeon-eun (泉玄銀), Cheon Hyeon-il (泉玄逸), and Cheon Hyeon-jeong (泉玄靜). Among them,
the sound of the name “Hyeon-jeong (玄靜)” written in
Chinese characters is most similar to “Se-yun-chi-”, that is, “Su-yun-ji”, and
their life periods also match.
The old sound of Cheon Hyeon-seong’s second son Cheon
Hyeon-il (泉玄逸) is also similar to “Su-yan-jit
(ghuen/huen/hien-jit), but the old sound of the name of the youngest son
“Hyeon-jeong (玄靜)”, “Su-yan-jing
(ghuen/huen/hien-ziengx/dzienk/cin6)” seems to be closer. Because in Mongolian
and Turkic languages, the “-t” sound remains as the “-z/r” sound, but the “-ㅇ(final consonant -o)” sound tends to be dropped. In other words,
“Suyanjing”
It means
"Suyanji". Therefore, "Tur Faridun, the son of Ilhan", that
is, the second son of Jin Guk-gong, Mogol, that is, the great man from Malgol,
joined hands with the Kyrgyz Khan (Tang Xuanzong) and started the "Great
War between the Tatars and Mogol Tribes", the 8th Tatar Khan
"Suyunji", is none other than "Hyeonjeong (玄靜)", the youngest son of Cheonheonseong (泉獻誠).
In particular, the person presumed to be “Cheon Hyeon-jeong
(泉玄靜)” is mentioned in the <Zizhi
Tongjian (資治通鑑)> as “Gal”, a Goguryeo surname
similar to “Gae”, and as “Gal Bok-sun (曷福順)”, in the
<Old Book of Tang> as “Left Commander General Gae Bok-sun (蓋福順)”, and in the <New Book of Tang> as “Left Commander General
Gae Bok-sin (蓋福慎)”.
If we look at the “Gae” or “Gal” surnames or Goguryeo Idu,
they are all “Ke/Keul” surnames. Unlike the epitaph, it seems that in normal
times he used his original surname “Gae (蓋)” of Gaegeum (蓋金) and wrote his name as “Gae Bok-sun (蓋福順)”,
which is a title meaning “Gae (=蓋福=蓋巴)-household’s Su-yun (順)”, or “Gae-ga(clan)-char
(率=薩=郎君)=Gae
Khan”. As can be seen in the genealogy chart of the Gaegeum family confirmed in
the books and epitaphs, he is clearly the 5th generation and the 8th generation
“Tatar Khan” in the 6th generation genealogy including the first “Daedaero (大對盧)-Makriji (莫離支)” Jayu (子遊)-Adalo”.
1st Tatar. Jayu (子遊,
Makriji-Daedaero)
2nd. Taejo (太祚, Makriji-Daedaero)
3rd. Gaegeum
(蓋金, Taedaero/Makriji)
4th. Cheon
Namsaeng (泉男生, Taedaemakrij) 5th. Cheon Namgeon (泉男建 Daemakrij)
6th. Cheon Namsan (泉男産,Taedaemakrij)
7th. Cheon Heonseong
(泉獻誠, Sangjuguk, Hagukong, Dae daero?/Makriji?)
8th.
Cheonhyeonjeong (泉玄靜 =蓋福順=曷福順=蓋福慎)
In the end, “Cheonhyeonjeong=Gaeboksun=Galboksun=Gaeboksin
(泉玄靜 =蓋福順=曷福順=蓋福慎)” was the “8th Khan of Tatar”.
The “Tatar” tribe and family mentioned in <사국사Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan
Countries> is the family of Gaegeum of Goguryeo “generations”.
This family lineage is the family that came from Almujanna
Khan, the grandfather of “Mogol Khan”.
Now, based on <사국사Taikh-I Arba'
Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, we will draw the
family tree of these two families and compare it with our historical books.
Based on the records of the Eastern History Book and the epitaphs, the
historical figures of the two families of Gaesomun and Daejoyeong are as
follows.
[Alonza
Kon]
↙ ↘
[Tatar Khan = Dae dae ro Jayu ] [Mogol Khan]
↓ ↓
[Buko Khan = Taejo] [Kora Kon]
↓ ↙ ↘
[Almujanna Kon /Gaesomun] [Kun Kon] [Oi Kon]
↙ ↓ ↘ ↓
][Ansil Kon /Namsaeng] [Etsis Kon /Namgeon] [Odu Kon/Namsan] [Yulduz Kon]
↓ ↓
[Boidu Kon/Cheonhyeonseong] [Manggli Kon/Geolgeoljungsang]
↓ ↓
[Sewinchi Kon/Cheonhyeonjeong/Galboksun] [Tanggis Kon/Yabal]
↓
(Tatar 8 Khan) [El Kon/Ilha] ↓
- Sewinchi Kon and El Con was a person of the same
generation [Kayon/Gan]
(family of
Mogol 9 Khan)
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