Story 73. The genealogy of “Daedaero Gaesomun” and
“Sokmalmalgal Daejoyeong” is one family with the same roots
The genealogy of “Daedaero Gaesomun”, which the Eastern
history books clearly state is “Goguryeo person”, and the genealogy of
“Sokmalmalgal Daejoyeong”, which is sometimes misunderstood as being distinct
from “Goguryeo person”, is
According to <Saguksa, Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, they are originally one family from one
genealogy, one ancestor.
According to <Saguksa Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, these two lineages came from the 3rd
great-grandfather of Gaesomun and the 5th great-grandfather of Daejoyeong, from
one grandfather, "Almujanna=Alonza (乙支文, Euljimun)
Khan." These two lineages also came from the same ancestor much earlier.
Surprisingly, he is none other than Jumong (朱蒙), the founder of Goguryeo. The "lost link of history" that proves one aspect
of this amazing historical truth is the "epitaphs" of the male
brothers and their families.
The <Cheonheonseongmyojimyeong (泉獻誠墓誌銘)>, which was erected in 701, first states that his lineage is
"Goryeo people" as follows:
『The Senor(guon,君,a
man of honor)'s Hwi(諱,name) is Heonseong(獻誠) and his pen name(字,adult name) is also
Heonseong (獻誠). His ancestors were Goguryeo people.
All his descendants spread out long and wide, and became
like the children of the sun, and their branches and leaves grew and became
lush and prosperous for generations. His great-grandfather, Taejo(太祚), was appointed to the post of Makriji (莫離支)
in his home country, Goguryeo, and he took control of the military and his
momentum subdued the Three Hans (三韓) and his fame
became the leader of the Five Bu (five ministrys=government ,五部).』
This epitaph reveals that his father and ancestors’
genealogy and their positions were “from generation to generation,” and reveals
the beginning of his family.
『East of the sea, long ago, there was
Jumong (朱蒙). He crossed the river and
established a country, and his legacy is lofty. His legacy is lofty, the branches and leaves of the tree
that supports him. Who are those branches and leaves? They are truly the Cheon
clan(泉氏).』
This means that Cheon Heon-seong(泉獻誠)’s lineage
was descended from the branches and leaves of Jumong(朱蒙), the founder of Goguryeo(高句麗). His grandfather, Gaegeum(蓋文),
or Gaesomun(蓋蘇文), was a descendant of Jumong(朱蒙).
The epitaph of his uncle and Yeon Gaesomun(淵蓋蘇文)’s youngest son, Cheon Nam-san(泉男産), which
was erected a year after Cheon Heon-seong(泉獻誠)’s
tombstone, also records the same fact.
『 The epitaph and preface of Cheongun(泉君) was the late Geum Ja-gwang-rok Dae-bu(金紫光祿大夫) of Daeju(大周) the commander of the
garrison, Sanghogun(上護軍), the founder of Liaodong
County(遼陽郡開國公)
The lord's name is Namsan(男産),
and he is a Liaodong(遼東) Joseon person(朝鮮人). In the past, th Kng Dongmyeong(東明王) felt
the energy and crossed Nucheon(淚天) to open a country,
and Jumong(朱蒙) embraced the sun and opened a capital at
Paesu(浿水), his majesty reached the ferry where the sun rises, and his
power suppressed the customs of the eastern region, even though the stars, the
sea, and the mountains did not hang over the border region. Etiquette and
poetry and books were passed down through vocal teachings, and the family was
inherited and the clan was inherited, so the king is his descendant.’
The epitaph of Cheon Nam-san(泉男産)’s
older brother Cheon Nam-saeng(泉男生) states that he was a
“Pyongyangseong person(平壤城人) from Liaodong County(遼東郡
요동군),” while the epitaph of his younger brother Cheon Nam-san
states that he was a “Yeodong Joseon person(遼東朝鮮人)”
while also stating that he was a “descendant of Jumong(朱蒙).”
<Saguk Sa, Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> clearly states that “Tatar Khan” (Adallah
Khan, 子遊) and “Mogol Khan”
They are twin brothers, and they are said to have descended
from the 3rd great-grandfather of Gaesomun (蓋蘇文 Alonza Khan)
and the 5th great-grandfather of Daejoyeong(大祚榮), from
the same grandfather, "Almujanna = Alonza (乙支文)
Khan."
If so, the lineage of "Goguryeo people(高句麗人)" "Daedaero (大對盧) Gaesomun (蓋蘇文)" and the lineage of "Sokmalgal (粟末靺鞨) Daejoyeong (大祚榮)" were originally the
same lineage, and furthermore, their ancestor in the older generation was
Jumong (朱蒙), the founder of Goguryeo.
With this, we can clearly understand why the genealogy of
Chinggis Khan's ancestors shown in <Saguk-sa, Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries> is interpreted as "the daughter of Chuimana Kon, the
son of Yulduz Kon", which is the mother of Genghis Khan's 9th great-grandfather
"Bojanjar" Alan Kowah, "the daughter of Jumong Khan, the son of
Daessi Khan(大氏汗) of Joseon(朝鮮)
(Goguryeo-Balhae,高句麗-渤海)".
Her father Chuimana Kon, or Korirardai Mergen of <Mongol
Secret History>, indicates through his title that his and his daughter Alan
Kowah's ancestor was Jumong (朱蒙).
Alan Kowa’s ancestor is “Kiyan (澗, Gan)”, and “Kiyan”’s ancestor is “Mogol Khan (Malgal Khan)”, he is
also the twin brother of Gaesomun’s grandfather “Tatar (daedae-ro,大對盧)”.
As we just saw, the “Gaesomun’s lineage” comes from “Jumong
(朱蒙)”. From <Samguk Sagi,三國史記> to
<Tangseo (唐書)>, there is no disagreement that the
“Tatar” “Gaesomun (蓋蘇文)” lineage is “Goguryeo people”.
Similarly, our historical books including <Goryeosa,高麗史> and <Goryeosa Cheoryo,高麗史節要>
clearly record the “Balhae Malgal (渤海靺鞨) Dae Jo-yeong (大祚榮)” family as “Goguryeo people (高句麗人)”. Also,
<Old Book of Tang,舊唐書> and <New History of the
Five Dynasties,新五代史> wrote his lineage as “Goryeo
Byeoljong (高麗別種)”, and <Mugyeong Chongyo (武經總要)> wrote his lineage as “Buyeo Byeolryu (扶餘別類)”.
In other words, it means “seeds that branched off from
Goryeo” and “groups that branched off from Buyeo(扶餘)”.
However, as a result of historical records that wrote
“Goryeo Byeoljong (高麗別種)” comparing his lineage to “Goryeo(高麗)” and “Malgal(靺鞨)”, even today, in the
historical academia of Korea, China, Russia, and Japan, and even within our own
academia, a huge debate has arisen over whether the three characters are the
same or different.
Furthermore, <New Book of Tang,新唐書> records, “Balhae(渤海) was originally a
Sokmal Malgal(粟末靺鞨) clan that clung to Goryeo, and its
surname is Dae(大).”
It was written in a way that caused misunderstandings as if
“Sokkmal Malgal (粟末靺鞨)” and “Goryeo”, which were attached
to Sokmal Malgal, were separate entities.
Because of this, depending on how the equation “Goryeo
Byeoljong (高麗別種)” = “Sokkmal Malgal (粟末靺鞨)” is interpreted, the historical academia of the four countries gave
rise to two different interpretations, either completely the same or completely
different.
However, <Old Book of Tang,舊唐書> states that Jumong(朱蒙), the founder of
Goguryeo, his father, “Goryeo is a seed that branched off from Buyeo(扶餘),” and that his son, “Baekje(百濟) is also a
seed that branched off from Buyeo(扶餘).”
Both father King Jumong(朱蒙王) and son,
King Onjo(溫祚王) were written as “Buyeo Byeoljong (扶餘別種).” Jumong, the founder of Goguryeo, was the son of Buyeo Hae Mosu (解慕漱), and his son Onjo(溫祚) was Jumong’s son. If
we look at the relationship between these three people based on Hae Mosu(解慕漱), who can be called “Buyeo legitimate(扶餘本種),” the relationship is “a branched seed (別種) from him,” that is, “a
grandfather, son, and grandson.” Therefore, “Byeoljong(別種,branch)” refers to “father-son relationship, grandfather-grandson
relationship.”
<Cheonheonseong Epitaph(泉獻誠墓誌銘)> says that the Gaesomun family(蓋蘇文家) is
the descendants of Jumong(朱蒙), and <Saguksa, Taikh-I
Arba' Ulus, Four Khan Countries> says that "Tatar and Mogol Khan"
came from the same family. This tells us the correct meaning of <Old Book of
Tang,舊唐書> and <New History of Five Dynasties,新五代史>
“Sokmal Malgal Daessi Jo Yeong (粟末靺鞨
大氏 祚榮)” saying that “a seed that branched off from the Goryeo
royal family (高麗別種)”, and <Mugyeongchongyo (武經總要)> saying that “a group that branched off from the Buyeo clan (扶餘別種).” In the end, Daejoyeong(大祚榮) was the son
of Haemosu(解慕漱), a Buyeo person(扶餘人), and a descendant of Jumong(朱蒙), who was
called “Buyeo Byeoljong (扶餘別種).”
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