Story 75. “Seven Malgals (靺鞨七部)” and “Geoguryeo (高句麗)” combined from several “Goryeo (句麗)”

 

Story 75. “Seven Malgals (靺鞨七部)” and “Geoguryeo (高句麗)” combined from several “Goryeo (句麗)”

 Let’s look at one fact that is a little different from the bloodline issue of the royal family and the continuation. Namely, let’s look at the relationship between “Goguryeo (高句麗)”, the central part of Goguryeo, “Goryeo (句麗)”, the local town administrative district, and “Malgal 7 States (靺鞨七部)”, the local mountain administrative district.

Goguryeo had numerous town administrative districts called “Goryeo (句麗)” and seven Malgal, or “Malgal 7 States (靺鞨七部)”, as local mountain administrative districts in the border areas neighboring other countries. “Guryeo (句麗)” originally meant “castle/fortress (城)” or “seong-eup/city fortress (城邑)” in Goguryeo-Malgal, and Malgal (靺鞨) means “mahol/horse (馬忽)” or “malseong/horse fortress (馬城)” as Jeong Yak-yong explained.

In other words, it means “mal-goeul/horse town (馬邑)” and “mal-goeul/horse-county (馬-郡)”. In other words, “Malgal = Malgol = Molgol is a field command village where people raise horses in the mountainous areas of the border, hunt, learn military tactics, and protect the interior of the country.” “Sokmal (粟末) Malgal (靺鞨)” was one of the “Malgal (malgol, horse-raising village, horse-raising village) 7 States (靺鞨七部)”.

The people were called “Muguri (亩俱理)”, or “Mo-guri = Mol-gol-i = Makri (貊耳) = Goguryeo”, as recorded in the Sanskrit-Tang dictionary of the time, such as <San-eo Jap-myeong (梵語雜名)>. Mulgil (勿吉) and Malgal (靺鞨) later changed to the forms of Mongol (<Mongol Secret History>), Mongol (<Won-sa>), Mogol (<Jip-sa>), and Mughal (<Akbarnama (Book of Akbar)>).

At that time, there were several cities in the Goguryeo interior, which are the origin of today’s word “goeul/villiage/town”, “Guru (溝漊)”, otherwise called “Guryo /fortress city (句麗)”, and there were “Guryo (句麗)”, “Guryo (句麗)”, “Guryo (句麗)”, and many other “Guryo (句麗)”, and many mountain towns called “Malgal (靺鞨)”, “Malgal (靺鞨)”, and many more “Malgal (靺鞨)”, and when these were combined, they became “Keo (大)-Guryo (句麗)”, or “Goguryeo (高句麗)”.

 Then, let’s look at the central and local government systems of “Goguryeo (高句麗)”. Each “Mal-gol” had a “Chu/chief(酋)”. Since not all of them could become kings among the royal family in the center, the sons of the legitimate wife and the sons of the concubine were selected as ministers and dispatched to the provinces to serve as provincial ministers.

Sometimes they even changed their posts. According to the historical records and genealogy, Dae Jo-yeong's father was "Baeksan Malgalchu (白山靺鞨酋)", but his son Dae Jo-yeong was recorded as "Sokmal Malgalchu (粟末靺鞨酋)", which is why this is the reason.

If Goguryeo, Malgal, and the Malgal tribes living in the seven different Malgal tribes were different tribes, it would not have been possible for a father and son to be recorded as different Malgal tribes.

 Meanwhile, in Pyongyang Castle, the capital of Goguryeo, there was an official position called “Makriji (莫離支)”, or “Makrij (Mal-gol)-chi (ruler)”, who was in charge of all the “Mal-gol-chu” in the region. Makriji (莫離支) also served as the head of the “Daero (對盧)” office, which is another name for the “Na-sal (那=褥 攩)” of each department, the “Na-char (褥薩, 支)” who oversaw the affairs of the “Ga-duri (local border)” of the “Goguryeo (高句麗)”, or the “Daero (對盧)” office. This office is “Daero (大對盧)”, which means the office that oversees the affairs of “all Daero (Ga-duri=Ga-saeng-i=border)”.

 “Daero (大對盧)” who oversees the affairs of the “Ga-duri” of the five departments and “Makriji (莫離支)” who oversees the administrative districts of Malgol in the local regions from the center were positions occupied by one person, all He was the one who oversees the affairs of Ga-duri, and for this reason, he was the highest chairman of the noble council consisting of nobles who rule each “Na” internally, and in the event of a national emergency when an external enemy invades, he exercised all the powers of the military and state affairs. He could even represent or replace the king.

 For this reason, “Dae-daero (大對盧)” was not appointed by the Goguryeo king, but rather, it was a position that the king cannot interfere with, and it was a position that “the strong and weak compete to take over.”

 For this reason, the position of “Dae-daero (大對盧)” was a position that even the king cannot appoint, so to speak, it was “the Minister of National Defense and the Chairman of the National Emergency Committee representing the king.”

It is a similar example to the shogun of the Japanese shogunate. The reason why the historical records contrast Dae-daero and Dae-daero Gaesomun, which were from the same family as “Sokmalmalgal Dae-daero (對盧)”, is precisely because of this.

 Then, at this point when the truth of this history has been revealed, let’s look at one of the theories of today’s Korean history academia. There is a scholar who says, “‘Goguryeo people’ and ‘Malgal people’ are different races and ethnicities, and ‘Malgal people’ are ‘Tungus-Manchurian people,’ so Balhae history (渤海史) is ‘Manchurian history (滿洲史)’ but not ‘our history.’” He is a representative of the mainstream scholars of today’s Korean history academia who see “Malgal” as a “Tungusian people” different from Goguryeo people. He is Professor Song Ki-ho of the Department of Korean History at Seoul National University. However, if our discovery just now is the historical truth, would there still be room for the theories of scholars who make such claims?

 Let’s skip the perspectives of foreign scholars and look at the opinion of a domestic scholar who is different from Professor Song Ki-ho. Professor Han Gyu-cheol, a professor at Kyungsung University and former president of the Goguryeo-Balhae Society, said the following in <The Origin of the Balhae Royal Family Tae Clan and Balhae History> in <The Balhae King Dae Jo-yeong Portrait Production Progress Report White Paper> published by the Balhae King Dae Jo-yeong Standard Portrait Production Promotion Committee in December 2012:

 『 “Balhae was a dynasty that succeeded Goguryeo. Balhae was not a dynasty of Malgal, which was different from Goguryeo, but a dynasty of the descendants of Goguryeo. Territorially, Balhae expanded into the territory of Goguryeo and the Maritime Province in the northeast, but most of it was centered around Goguryeo. Therefore, most Balhae people were Goguryeo people who were protecting their hometown.

<Old Book of Tang> also describes Balhae’s customs as being similar to Goguryeo. If Balhae was a descendant of Malgal, this record should clearly state that Balhae and Malgal had similar customs, but there is no such record. ∙∙∙

Even considering these historical and cultural aspects, Balhae was a dynasty of Korean ancestors. The fact that Balhae succeeded Goguryeo means that the Balhae people were the ancestors of Koreans, and Koreans were the descendants of Balhae.

 “∙∙∙ However, the history of Balhae is still an unknown field. The reason for this is that there is no systematic historical record, such as a chronological or chronological record, regarding the history of Balhae.』

 Professor Han Gyu-cheol uses “people from the Goguryeo mainland” and “same customs of Goguryeo and Balhae” as the two core grounds for his inference. However, he failed to prove with specific evidence that “Balhae was a dynasty of the descendants of Goguryeo.” Nevertheless, at least his conclusion is correct.

 On the other hand, Professor Song Ki-ho of the Department of Korean History at Seoul National University has a very different view from Professor Han Gyu-cheol. In his article titled <Acts and Portrait of King Dae Jo-yeong>, which is included alongside the above <Baekseo>, he describes Dae Jo-yeong’s family as “Malgal people who were Goguryeo-ized.” He had previously claimed that the origin of Daejoyeong’s “Sokmal Malgal (粟末靺鞨)” was the “Mulgil lineage (勿吉系)”, which Chinese and Russian scholars generally consider as the “Tungus-Manchurian people.”

Thanks to this, the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences actively welcomed this theory, and it was featured on its homepage with the phrase “provided by Professor Song himself.” Furthermore, in his 1993 book, he declared that “if Balhae history (渤海史) is based on the majority of the Malgal people, it is neither Korean history nor Chinese history, but Manchurian history.” This declaration is certainly something that the government of the “People’s Republic of China,” not “China,” would greatly welcome.

Since Manchuria is not Joseon territory and is actually occupied by the Chinese government, “Manchurian history” ultimately means Chinese history. Professor Song Ki-ho is also a smart person who can understand this level of logic.

 However[정오1] , he probably has not read <Saguk Sa Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, 四汗國, Four Khan Countries>, which clearly states that the lineage of Dae Jo-yeong, the ancestor of Genghis Khan, was the same family as the family of “Yeon Gaesomun,” who is clearly recorded as “Goguryeo people (高句麗人)” in the Eastern History Book.

 However, Professor Song seems to not understand the simple fact that just as Jumong, the founder of Goguryeo, was the illegitimate son (扶餘殘孼, Buyeo Jan-eol) of King Hae Mosu of Buyeo, he was not called “Buyeo people = Buyeo main species” but “Buyeo byeoljong (扶餘別種),” and that Onjo of Baekje was the illegitimate son (高句麗殘孼, Goguryeo Jan-eol) of the Goguryeo king compared to King Yuri, the legitimate son of Jumong, he was called “Roots also Buyeo byeoljong (扶餘別種)” according to his grandfather’s ancestral hometown. Furthermore, like Jumong and Onjo, it seems that they did not understand why the lineage of Dae Jo-yeong, the illegitimate son of the Goguryeo king, was written as “Goguryeo Byeoljong (高句麗別種)” and “Buyeo Byeolryu (扶餘別類)” in <Mugyeongchongyo>. Bonjong (本流) means “child of the main wife” and Byeoljong (別類) means “son of the concubine wife.”

 

[Buyeo]            [Buyeo Bonjong]            [Buyeo Byeoljong]

Hae Mosu           Hae Buru                          Go Jumong

Father                  Main Son                            Concubine Son

 

[Goguryeo]        [Goguryeo Main]               [Goguryeo Byeoljong]

Go Jumong          Go Yuri                                   Gutae Onjo

Father                     Main Son                                 Concubine Son

 

***Hae Mosu-Go Jumong-Onjo correspond to the relationship of grandfather-father-son, and are illegitimate sons in each generation. This is the relationship between the “main lineage” and the “separate lineage.”

 [Goguryeo]        [main lineage]                       [Goguryeo separate lineage/Buyeo separate lineage/Goguryeo Jan-eol]

Ju Mong                   Go Yuri                                      Geolgeoljungsang-Geol(Dae)joyeong

Joint ancestors     Main lineage Royal family       Concubine lineage Royal family

 *** Geolgeoljungsang-Geoljoyeong According to the genealogy of <Saguksa>, Daejoyeong’s 5th ancestor “Alonja (乙支) Khan” became the “illegitimate” lineage of the Goguryeo royal family.

 Because Song did not understand this simple historical truthProfessor Kiho seems to have distorted important national history by disguising Balhae history as “Manchurian history,” which he does not consider to be our history. But where should he and the historians of the “Northeast Project” of the People’s Republic of China, who are making excuses with similar logic, go now?

---

 [정오1]