Story 77. Who are the Manchus?

 Story 77. Who are the Manchus?

 The Roots of the Royal Families of the Jin and Qing Dynasties

 According to the <Samjobukmaenghoepyeon(三朝北盟會編)> and the <Jinsa, Jin Dynasty History, 金史>, could the Balhae people of the northern region, who were of the same clan as the Josinin(女眞人) the descendants of Jumong(朱蒙) of Goguryeo, have left the Liao Dynasty and joined the Jin Dynasty, founded by the descendants of “Kim”- Hambo(함보函普), the "royal family of Silla" from the southern kingdom that had destroyed Goguryeo, the ancestral kingdom of Balhae?

 First, let's introduce the perspective on the Jurchen (女眞), the founders of the Jin (金) and Later Jin (後金), later known as the Qing Empire, as written in the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture(韓國民族文化大百科辭典).

 『The Jurchen (女眞) are a Tungusic people who lived in Manchuria. The Jurchen were known by various names, including Suksin (肅愼), Yilou (挹婁), Mulgil (勿吉), Malgal (靺鞨), and Manchu (滿洲族), depending on the era. After the fall of Balhae, they were ruled by the Liao Dynasty(遼) and later submitted to Goryeo(高麗), paying tribute. In 1115, Aguta (阿骨打) unified the Jurchens around the Wanyan clan(完顔部) and established the Jin dynasty(金帝國). In the 16th and 17th centuries, Nurhachi (奴爾哈齊) united the Jurchens in Manchuria and founded the Later Jin dynasty(後金帝國), which soon expanded into the Qing Empire(淸帝國).

 In Manchuria, groups generally considered to have a lineage connection to the Jurchens, such as the Sushen (肅愼), Yilou (挹婁), Mulgil (勿吉), and Malgal (靺鞨), were active from early on. Their names varied depending on the era: Suksin (肅愼)during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period(BC770~BC221 春秋戰國時代), Yilu(挹婁) during the Han Dynasty(漢帝國), Mulgil during the Northern and Southern Dynasties(南北朝時代), and Malgal during the Sui(隋) and Tang Dynasties(唐帝國).

 However, it is unclear whether all of these tribes are direct ancestors of the Jurchen. However, ethnic similarities between the Jurchen and Malgal have been confirmed. In particular, the Malgal extensively inhabited the areas of the present-day Songhua River, Mudan River, and Heilongjiang River basins, as well as the Tumen River and Yalu River basins, centered around Mount Baekdu. The Malgal were subject to Goguryeo and mobilized in the wars against Silla and Tang. They were Goguryeo refugees who participated in the founding of Balhae.』

 The author of "Goguryeo-Balhae: Genghis Khan" concludes as follows:

                           [Goguryeo Royal Family Illegitimate Children]

 

[Geolgeoljungsang (乞乞仲象)]

↙     ↘

[Balhae King Daejoyeong (大祚榮)]    [Balhae Banangun King Yabal (野勃)]

↓

[Golden Jar, Geumhaeng (金幸)]

↙                ↙                      ↓          ↘

[Churluk Mergen]          [Kubai Sire]       [Tusbuda]     [Yongnyeo] ↔[Jakjegeon]

[Agorae(아고래) ]    [Hambo(函普)]    [Bohwari(保活里)]                      ↓               

         ↓                                   ↓                            ↓                             [Goryeo Family]

[Konggrat Tribe]    [Yekiras Tribe]      [Korlas Tribe]

↓                                      ↓                            ↓

↓                      [Jin Dynasty Family]           ↓

↓                                     ↓                         [Yuan Dynasty,Mongol Empire ]

[Konggrat Dynasty]   [Qing Dynasty ]

 

This is a remarkable family tree. The royal families of Balhae, Goryeo, the Mongol Empire, the Jin Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, and even Emperor Puyi of Manchu Empire made by Japan Empire (滿洲國 1932~1945) all descend from the same concubine branch of the Goguryeo royal family, a "one lineage for eternity."

This is an astonishing historical fact: from Goguryeo to the Qing Dynasty, the ruling royal family ruled the Central Plains and the Northeast Asian, Korean Peninsula for 2,000 years. Balhae, the Jin Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty were all descended from Jinhaeng(Geumhaeng,今幸, 金幸), the successor of Daeyabal, the younger brother of Dae Joyeong, the founding father of Balhae, a Malgal descendant of the concubine branch of the Goguryeo royal family. 

Episode 1. The True Meaning of the "Jurchen-Balhae Same Family" Theory of King                               Taejo (Founder) of the Jin Dynasty

 Now that we have confirmed that the three sons of "Hwanggeum-Jar/Golden Jar" and "Geumhaeng 金幸 " in the <Tarikh-e Monghul, a compilation of Mongolian history>, are the same people, it's time to discuss their story.

However, before we do, there's one minor point that needs to be addressed, but crucially important for understanding the history of China, which we mistakenly refer to as "China."

 Above all, among the three brothers, the seventh-generation descendant of the Jin Dynasty founder, Hambo, the Jin Dynasty's founder, Kogorida (Agolta, 阿骨打), commissioned the Balhae native Yangbok (梁福) to rally the Balhae people under his banner in opposition to the Liao Dynasty. Yangbok relayed Kogorida's words to the Balhae refugees, persuading them, saying, "We Jurchen (女直) and Balhae (渤海) are originally of the same family (女直, 渤海本同一家)." This is recorded in< the Jin History Volume 1, Chapter 1 of the Jin History>.

 

Although numerous scholars of Balhae and Jin history have written, none have truly grasped the meaning of these words. Even some Korean scholars, both academic and non-academic, such as Professors Kim Un-hoe, Kim Wi-hyeon, and Yoon Myeong-su, fail to fully understand or interpret the meaning of this phrase, mistakenly believing that the founder of the Jin dynasty was "Kim (金)-Hambo (函普), a Silla person(新羅人)." The public, tainted by their condemnable and erroneous views, continues to believe this.

 Contrary to the misleading claims of our scholars, the reason why "Kagori-da" (阿骨打) called the Balhae refugees to his cause was simple: the lineage of Kogori-da (阿骨打), the founder of the second king of Balhae, traces its origins to Yabal (野勃), the founder of the Balhae lineage, through his eighth-generation great-grandfather, "Geumhaeng (金幸)." This is because Yabal's son, Ilha (壹夏), and his son, Kiyan (大澗), as well as Kiyan's grandson, Geumhaeng, were the fathers of Hambo, the seventh-great-grandfather of Kogori.

 The genealogy, which traces back to the brothers Kiyan → Ilha → Yabal/Joyeong, is entirely descended from Geolgeoljungsang (乞乞仲象), the founder of Balhae. Kagori's own seventh-great-grandfather, Josin (女眞), and Hambo, the founder of the Jin dynasty, are the great-grandsons of Kiyan(大澗) within this lineage. Balhae, Josin (女眞), and the Jin dynasty royal family are all one family, one clan. This is precisely why "Ongkhan Kagoli-da (Wanyan Agol-ta 完顔阿骨打)", or "Wang(King) Agol-ta", appealed to the Balhae people to join his new courtiers (Jurchen, Balhae originally belonged to the same family) and join forces to fight against the Liao Dynasty, claiming that "the Jurchen and Balhae were originally one family (女直, Balhae originally belonged to the same family)."

 As will be introduced later, if Hambo was a "Silla Kim-Hambo" (函普), a person not mentioned in <the Jinshi (Jin History 金史)>, as some academic and independent scholars, including Professor Kim Un-hoe, Professor Kim Wi-hyeon, and Professor Yoon Myeong-su, have argued, then would Agol-ta, who <the Jinshi (Jin History 金史)> itself claims to be a descendant of the Balhae royal family, have actually made such a statement? Agolta should have said, "The Jurchen and Silla were originally one family (女直, Silla was originally the same family)."

 But if that were true, according to <the Samjobukmaenghoepyeon (三朝北盟會編)> and <the Jinsa (Jin History 金史)>, could the Josin people, "Jumong's descendants" from Goguryeo, and the Balhae people from the northern kingdom, who were of the same family, have left the Liao Dynasty and joined the Jin Dynasty, founded by the descendants of Kim Hambo, the "royal family of Silla" from the southern kingdom, the enemy that destroyed Goguryeo, the Balhae people's own ancestral kingdom?

 These so-called "professors and scholars," who are unreasonably respected, have not properly read a single line of the records recorded in ancient historical records and are making completely absurd claims that contradict those records.

 Episode 2. The ancestors of the Jin dynasty were Malgal, and the Qing dynasty had                              the same surname as the Jin dynasty.

 Another point worth adding is that the <Samjobukmaenghoepyeon (Commentary on the Three Dynasties and Northern Alliances 三朝北盟會編)> describes the Jurchen lineage of Hambo, the founder of the Jin dynasty, as "a descendant of Jumong of Goryeo." How could the Jurchen royal family of Hambo, the founder of the Jin dynasty and a descendant of Jumong's ancestor, the founder of Goguryeo, be "Kim-Hambo of the Silla Kim clan," a rival nation? This is absurd.

 From the perspective of academic historians, so-called "history professors," who do not view the <History of the Jurchen(女眞史)> and the <History of the Jin(金史)> as part of our history, but rather as non-existent "Chinese history," this record is even more incomprehensible than theirs. Without questioning their own shallow thinking and the depth of their scholarship, they will doubt the text of the <Commentary on the Three Dynasties and Northern Alliances (三朝北盟會編)>, thinking, "How absurd and erroneous is this rumor that the "Jurchen" are descendants of Jumong, the ancestor of our Goguryeo?"

 However, this history book speaks of the historical truth: Geumhaeng (金幸), identified in <the History of Goryeo> as the seventh-generation ancestor of Ongkhan Kagorida (完顔 阿骨打), founder of the Jin Dynasty, and father of Hambo, the founder of the Jin Dynasty, was the fourth-generation descendant of Daeyaba(大野勃), the Banan King of Balhae.

 As numerous Western history books unanimously attest, Hambo, the founder of the Jin Dynasty, was the second son of Geumhaeng (金幸), the fourth-generation descendant of Daeyabal (大野勃) of the Sokmalgal (粟末靺鞨).

This “Sokmal Malgal (粟末靺鞨)” or “Mogol” lineage is the same lineage as the “Lineage of the Tatar (大對盧) Khan” based on the genealogy of the previous <Saguk-sa(四國史) Taikh-I Arba' Ulus, Four Khan Countries>.

As the epitaphs of Cheon Heon-seong and his uncle Cheon Nam-san testify, both the Daedae-rae lineage and the Malgal lineage are “descendants of Jumong (朱蒙), the founder of Goguryeo.” If so, the lineage of Daeyabal (大野勃) of Sokmal Malgal (粟末靺鞨) is also “descendant of Jumong (朱蒙).”

The lineage of the Jurchen (女眞) clan of Hambo, the founder of the Jin Dynasty, who was a descendant of Jumong's descendant, the Daeyabal lineage of the Malgal tribe, and thus the family of Wanyan Agolta, are also naturally "descendants of Jumong." The fact that the <Samjobukmaenghoepyeon (Commentary on the Three Dynasties and Northern Alliances 三朝北盟會編)> refers to the Jurchen (女眞) clan of Hambo, the founder of the Jin Dynasty, as "the legacy of Jumong of Goryeo(Goguryeo)" is a simple abbreviation of this historical path without fully explaining it.

From Goguryeo, founded by Jumong, came Balhae, founded by his descendant Dae Joyeong, and from Balhae, the Jin Dynasty came from Hambo, the son of Geumhaeng, the 4th generation descendant of Dae Joyeong's younger brother Yabal.

Furthermore, this genealogy is not limited to the lineage from Geumhaeng's youngest son Bo Hwal-ri to his 14th generation descendant Genghis Khan. Although it is a topic beyond the scope of our topic, this lineage from the Goguryeo royal family continues through the Ming Dynasty(大明國) in China and to the Qing (1616-1912) imperial family of "Aisin Gyoro Nurhachi", who was born in the Jin Dynasty's Yubu (金國遺部). Although it collapsed in the aftermath of the so-called Xinhai Revolution, it was reborn as "Manchukuo(Manchu Empire  by Japan)" on September 18, 1931, following the so-called "Mukden Incident," and lasted until the abdication of the last Manchukuo Emperor, Aisin Qiaoropui, on August 18, 1945.

 Prior to this, the Qing Dynasty's sixth emperor, the Qianlong Emperor (reigned 1711–1796), issued an imperial decree to "write the history of the ancestors of our Qing royal family," and the official Qing history book, <The Study of Manchurian Origins(欽定滿洲源流考)>, states the following:

 『The Qing dynasty's surname, Aisin Gyo-ro (愛新覺羅), is of the same bloodline as Geumwon (金源) [the Jin dynasty's progenitor, the Wan-an (完顔) clan, and the Balhae Dae clan by surname], and the Jin dynasty's ancestors came from the Malgal clan (金之先出靺鞨部) [the Malgal Dae clan(大氏) by surname], and the story that he was born after eating red fruit(朱果) from the Qing dynasty (朱果發祥, that is, he branched off from Jumong(朱蒙)[the founder of Goguryeo(高句麗)]) ∙∙∙ is a continuation of the Great Jin dynasty's tribe (大金部族). ∙∙∙ Also, during the Tang Dynasty(大唐國), there was a king of Balhae(渤海) in the Malgal tribe(靺鞨族), who passed down his lineage for over ten generations. This is the ancestor of the Jin Dynasty(大金國).』

 Isn't this remarkable? This is the true genealogy of the Goguryeo-Balhae royal family, a "one lineage for two thousand years" that extends to the Qing imperial(大淸帝國) family and the Manchukuo emperors. The names of the three sons of the golden jar "Geumhaeng"—the Kubai Shire (Hambo) brothers and the three Hambo brothers—were compared and verified, concluding that they were the same individual. This proves that the Jin(金), Qing(淸), Yuan (Mongol元) Empire, Balhae(渤海), and Goguryeo(高句麗) were all part of the same family,which had ruled Northeast Asia and China Plain for two thousand years.